Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder that, in general, can be divided into benign epilepsy and non-benign epilepsy. Benign epilepsy has a good prognosis and does not have a significant impact on the patient’s intellectual and motor development. For example, “benign infantile epilepsy, benign childhood epilepsy with central mesotemporal spikes (BECT), and early-onset childhood occipital lobe epilepsy” have their corresponding age of onset and seizure characteristics, as well as their specific EEG features and clinical changes. In most cases, the seizures stop on their own after a certain age (e.g., after puberty), but in a few patients, the seizures are frequent and seriously affect school life. Therefore, for this type of epilepsy, it is especially important to diagnose correctly, otherwise overtreatment can occur, bringing unnecessary side effects or complications to the patient. In the other part of non-benign epilepsy, the vast majority can effectively control seizures under the principle of selecting individualized drug therapy, and a few patients with unsatisfactory drug therapy can undergo surgical excision or electrical stimulation to achieve good results after precise localization of the epileptic focus. For some special epilepsy syndromes, especially those related to genetic metabolism, manifesting as multifocal and extensive EEG discharges, the current medical level is often not ideal for the treatment of this special type of epilepsy syndrome, even if it can make seizure reduction, the intellectual motor development is difficult to recover, which is related to the etiology and pathogenesis. Therefore, whether epilepsy can achieve good treatment results, it is important to first clarify the type of epilepsy, pathogenetic characteristics and mechanisms.