Pediatric nodular enlargement of the thyroid gland, if it is endemic goiter, can be followed up and observed, supplemented with iodine; thyroid cysts, can be observed; thyroid tumors, if necessary, surgical treatment and so on. 1. Endemic goiter: due to lack of iodine in food and water, iodine can be added in moderation, and most of them will get better with follow-up observation. 2. Sporadic goiter: the causes are congenital thyroid hormone synthesis disorder, iodide in food, goiter-causing substances and drugs should be affected, etc. Generally, there is no need for treatment, and if the enlargement is obvious, it can be followed by doctor’s instruction to take oral levothyroxine tablets. 3. Thyroid cysts: most of them are benign lesions, which can be examined by regular ultrasound, no changes do not require treatment, and they can be surgically removed if they are obviously enlarged. 4. Thyroid tumor: thyroid adenoma, surgical resection is recommended. If the tumor is considered to be malignant, it may be surgically removed and sent for pathological examination as early as possible. Children found nodular enlargement of the thyroid gland, timely to the hospital endocrinology department, according to the situation to choose the appropriate treatment, if necessary, surgery.