Lumbar herniated disc surgery is useful in relieving the compression of the nerve roots and spinal cord through surgery, thereby alleviating back pain or making its symptoms disappear. The principle of lumbar herniated disc surgery is to effectively decompress the herniated disc through various surgical methods, thus sparing the nerve root from irritation. For patients with mild symptoms of lumbar disc herniation, surgical treatment is not recommended, and conservative treatment can be used to provide significant relief of symptoms. In the case of severe lumbar disc herniation, especially when the herniation causes significant compression of the nerve roots and spinal cord, resulting in persistent back and leg pain and affecting the normal quality of life, the results of surgery in this case are more desirable. If diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation, early standardized treatment is recommended to reduce the adverse effects of the disease.