The guidelines recommend that all melanoma patients undergo genetic testing before treatment, as it can guide the application of targeted drugs and determine the prognosis of the disease. Since there are many genetic changes in the occurrence and development of melanoma, genetic testing can help in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of some difficult cases, and can also predict the efficacy of molecular targeted therapies and guide clinical treatment. The guidelines recommend that all melanoma patients undergo genetic testing before treatment, and these genes are associated with prognosis, molecular typing, and adjuvant and late-stage treatment. Melanoma is a tumor derived from the malignant transformation of melanocytes and is highly malignant. Treatment is complex and the earlier it is detected, the greater the likelihood of a cure.