When elderly people suffer from esophageal cancer (esophageal cancer), surgery is usually recommended when they are in good physical condition; however, surgery is usually not recommended when they are in poor physical condition. Esophageal cancer is usually caused by malignant tumor of esophageal mucosal epithelium due to various factors such as bad dietary habits, infection, heredity, etc. If it is not treated in time, it may lead to complications such as dysphagia, vomiting of blood and severe weight loss. When esophageal cancer occurs in the elderly, they are usually in good physical condition, and after multidisciplinary evaluation, the patients’ body can tolerate the surgery, usually they can undergo surgical treatment; however, if they are in poor physical condition, surgery is usually not recommended, and methods such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy can be adopted to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Elderly people who develop esophageal cancer should go to the hospital for examination and treatment under the guidance of doctors.