Difficulty in swallowing without eating or drinking in the elderly can be related to esophageal cancer, extremely enlarged thyroid gland, pancreatic achalasia, etc. Suitable medication and surgical treatment should be chosen. 1. Esophageal cancer: endoscopic submucosal resection is feasible in early stage, but surgical treatment is preferred, such as open thoracic transesophageal hiatus blunt esophageal extraction, etc. However, anastomotic fistula, laryngeal nerve injury and other complications may occur. 2. Extremely enlarged thyroid gland: different treatments are adopted according to the causes of enlarged thyroid gland, if the enlargement is caused by thyroid tumor, surgery is needed, and long-term supplemental thyroxine replacement therapy can be used when combined with hypothyroidism. 3. Cardia dystrophy: sublingual nitroglycerin can be taken to patients with symptoms, endoscopic myotomy and so on. Elderly people who do not eat or drink swallowing difficulties should consult a doctor in time, under the guidance of a professional doctor to choose the appropriate treatment to improve the quality of life.