Lumbar spondylolisthesis should be treated as early as possible when surgery is indicated, and there is no exact “best” time to do so. Lumbar spondylolisthesis is a fracture of the isthmus of the upper and lower articular processes of one or both vertebral arches of the lumbar spine, which is often caused by trauma or congenital dysplasia. If lumbar isthmic fracture has obvious symptoms of back pain, lumbar spondylolisthesis with compression of the nerves of the lower limbs, or if the symptoms do not improve after more than 6 months of conservative treatment, surgery should be performed as soon as possible. Before the disc damage occurs, the lumbar isthmic fracture only requires isthmic fracture repair surgery, and after the surgery, the intervertebral joints can be restored to their normal condition without affecting the flexibility of the lumbar spine, so the prognosis of recovery is better. In case of disc damage or severe lumbar spondylolisthesis, intervertebral fusion surgery is required. Early surgery therefore has a better prognosis. When lumbar isthmic fracture occurs, it is important to standardize the treatment under the guidance of a doctor to avoid delaying the condition.