Female sex hormone levels generally refer to estrogen and progesterone, and are generally highest during or after ovulation, or increase after pregnancy. Estrogen has two peaks, a pre-ovulatory peak and a second peak that occurs 7 to 8 days after ovulation. Estrogen is primarily used to test ovarian function, detect follicular development, the presence or absence of ovulation, precocious puberty in women, and to assist in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary symptoms. It detects the fetus as well as placental function. Progesterone is produced in large quantities by the corpus luteum after ovulation and levels rise rapidly, with progesterone values increasing after pregnancy. Progesterone is primarily a test for detecting ovulation, evaluating luteal function, assisting in the diagnosis of preeclampsia, ectopic pregnancy, observing placental function, and testing for progesterone replacement therapy. Female sex hormones are subject to fluctuations due to changes in the ovarian cycle. Women of childbearing age who experience symptoms such as irregular menstruation, menstrual disorders, prolonged or amenorrhea, and scanty menstruation should go to the hospital in time to have their sex hormones tested, to learn about their ovarian function, and to have a clear diagnosis and early treatment.