Low back pain or lower back pain is one of the common diseases in modern society lifestyle, which brings great impact to patients’ own daily life and work. In addition to common causes such as lumbar disc herniation and lumbar muscle strain, the third lumbar transverse process syndrome is also one of the more common causes. The human lumbar spine has five segments, all of which have transverse processes that protrude laterally to both sides. However, the third lumbar vertebra is located at the apex of the lumbar anterior convex curve, and the fibers of the iliopsoas portion of the latissimus dorsi muscle stop at the transverse process of the third lumbar vertebra. At the same time, because of the long transverse process of the third lumbar vertebra, the muscles, fascia and ligaments attached to it can effectively maintain the stability and normal activities of the spine. The longer transverse process also enhances the leverage of the muscles, which have more opportunities to contract and pull with maximum tension, and when these tissues contract abnormally, the end of the transverse process bears the brunt of the contraction. This anatomical feature forms the basis for the vulnerability of the end of the transverse process of the third lumbar vertebra to injury. If young and middle-aged men engaged in manual labor experience lumbar pain (which can be severe or persistent dull pain), mostly pulling-like or aching pain. The pain is often worse after sitting or standing for a long time or after waking up in the morning. In severe cases, the pain may also radiate down the thigh to above the knee, and in rare cases it may extend to the lateral aspect of the lower leg. The major difference from lumbar disc herniation is that the pain in patients with third lumbar transverse spine syndrome is not aggravated by increased pressure within the abdomen (coughing, sneezing). Physical factor therapy (e.g., ultrashort wave, magnetic therapy), topical topical medications and oral anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications are generally effective in patients with milder symptoms. Prevention remains an important means of avoiding low back pain, of which correction of poor posture is one important measure.