Many patients with middle and late stage esophageal cancer have lost the chance of surgical treatment, they can have neoadjuvant synchronous or sequential chemotherapy first and then evaluate whether they can be operated or not. Middle and late stage esophageal cancer, especially advanced stage patients, is often accompanied by metastasis to distant organs, and patients are not suitable for surgical treatment at this time. However, for some middle and advanced esophageal cancers, neoadjuvant synchronous or sequential radiotherapy can be carried out first, and some patients with shrinkage of cancer tumors can be operated or continue radical radiotherapy after reevaluation. The five-year survival rate of intermediate and advanced esophageal cancer will be relatively reduced. For new-onset esophageal cancer patients, complete medical records and related data files should be established, and regular follow-up should be conducted after treatment.