Stiffening and narrowing of esophageal wall is mainly caused by reflux esophagitis, esophageal tumor, infection, immune abnormality, etc. It can be relieved by general treatment, medication and surgery. 1. General treatment: patients should pay attention to diet and avoid eating stimulating foods such as too cold, too hot, too spicy, and strong tea and coffee, so as not to cause continuous irritation to the esophageal mucosa. Patients with serious esophageal injury can also keep nasogastric tube to reduce the damage of food to the esophagus and play the role of support to avoid esophageal atresia. 2. Medication: Disease-induced rigidity and narrowing of the esophageal wall should be treated in response to the primary disease. (1) If it is caused by reflux esophagitis, acid-suppressing drugs such as omeprazole, mucosal-protecting drugs such as bismuth potassium citrate, or gastric-promoting drugs such as domperidone can be taken; (2) Esophageal stiffness and narrowing is mostly caused by repeated damage to the esophageal mucosa, resulting in overgrowth of fibrous tissue and formation of scar, so patients can also use adrenocorticotropic hormone drugs such as trimethoprim and methylprednisolone to reduce esophageal mucosal fibrosis and scar formation and relieve symptoms. 3. Surgery: If it is caused by esophageal cancer or other diseases, surgery can be considered for resection. Patients with severe narrowing of the esophagus can also be treated with surgery such as partial gastric substitution esophagectomy or colonic substitution esophagectomy. Patients with stiff and narrowed esophageal walls are advised to seek timely medical treatment to identify the cause of the disease under the guidance of a medical professional and carry out targeted treatment. Medications should be taken strictly according to the doctor’s prescription and should not be used on one’s own to avoid delaying or even aggravating the condition.