Uremia refers to the end stage of chronic renal failure, in which the body is unable to excrete waste products and excess water produced by metabolism through the kidneys due to the complete loss of kidney function. Uremia is mostly caused by renal lesions, and a small portion is caused by non-renal lesions. 1. Renal lesions: various primary glomerulonephritis, including membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous nephritis, acute nephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis and so on. Chronic infectious diseases of the kidney, such as chronic pyelonephritis. Congenital renal diseases, such as polycystic kidney, hereditary nephritis, etc. 2. Non-renal diseases: secondary systemic diseases, such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, allergic purpura nephritis, diabetes mellitus. Chronic urinary tract obstruction, such as kidney stones, ureteral stones, prostate hypertrophy. Other factors, such as aging, taking nephrotoxic drugs and so on. Patients should go to the hospital as soon as possible to clarify the cause of the disease, under the guidance of the doctor, actively treat the primary disease, symptomatic treatment, correct the acid-base balance and electrolyte disorders, and dialysis or renal transplantation if necessary.