Emphysema is a pathological condition in which damage to the alveoli and other injuries result in an increase in lung volume, which generally produces irreversible damage, leading to an incurable emphysema. Emphysema is mainly caused by bronchial obstructive ventilation dysfunction, in which the lumen of the fine bronchial tubes expands during inspiration and air enters the alveoli, and the lumen narrows during expiration, air is retained, and the intra-alveolar pressure continues to rise, resulting in over-inflation or even rupture of the alveoli; it may also be caused by an imbalance in the elastase enzyme and its inhibitors. The main manifestation of the disease is progressively worsening dyspnea. Symptoms may worsen after labor, and some patients may also develop respiratory infectious disease or some systemic symptoms. Symptomatic treatment can be used to alleviate and prevent the progression of the disease, but there is no cure. It is recommended that patients go to a regular hospital, under the guidance of the doctor, to take targeted treatment, and regular review to understand the development of the disease.