Ovarian teratomas usually require surgery. Ovarian teratoma is a common ovarian germ cell tumor. It is prevalent in women of childbearing age. If there are no contraindications to surgery, the preferred treatment option is surgery. Ovarian teratomas are divided into mature teratomas and immature teratomas. Mature teratomas are benign tumors that usually require no other treatment after surgery. Immature teratomas are malignant and may require chemotherapy after surgery. If the tumor is considered benign after preoperative evaluation and is not very large, laparoscopic surgery is preferred. If malignancy cannot be ruled out after preoperative evaluation, or if the ovarian teratoma is too large, transabdominal surgery is performed. The exact extent of surgery is determined by the patient’s age, the presence of fertility requirements, the presence of menopause and intraoperative pathologic findings. Fertility-preserving surgery may be considered in young, fertile patients with malignant teratomas. If the presence of ovarian teratoma is found, patients are advised to go to regular hospitals to receive standardized treatment to avoid delay.