In addition to strict control of diabetes mellitus and the need for long-term follow-up, various cardiovascular problems should be addressed early. Hypertension is quite common, when using drugs should pay attention to whether it affects the metabolism of sugar, fat, potassium, calcium, sodium, etc., such as potassium loss diuretics (thiazide) and calcium channel blockers can reduce the entry of potassium and calcium ions into the beta cell and inhibit insulin release, resulting in increased blood sugar; potassium-protective diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) can inhibit aldosterone secretion and reduce potassium excretion, in renal insufficiency with hypertension. Beta-adrenergic blockers, whether selective or non-selective, can suppress hypoglycemia symptoms, raise blood triglycerides, lower HDL2-ch, and delay recovery from hypoglycemia in non-selective cases. People with acute myocardial infarction, heart failure or cerebrovascular accident are prone to ketosis, so short-acting insulin should be injected in small doses in a day to avoid myocardial infarction when hypoglycemia occurs, but ketosis can also induce the above-mentioned cardio-cerebral and renal complications, so attention must be paid. In recent years, it is also found that diabetic cardiomyopathy only has T-wave hypotonic inversion before the occurrence of severe heart failure and arrhythmia, so diabetes and hypertension should be strictly controlled early, and coenzyme Q10 and second-generation calcium channel blockers should be applied. 2, nephropathy Early control of diabetes mellitus, early lesions can be reversed. For the early stage of renal lesions, microalbuminuria period, with or without hypertension, the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) first or second generation drugs can reduce urinary albumin excretion, depending on blood pressure, captopril 12.5-25mg, 2-3 times/d or enalapril 5mg, 1-2 times/d vary. In addition to urinary albumin, urinary transferrin and urinary endothelin excretion are significantly reduced, which is mainly due to the unique effect of ACEI on the circulation of the small renal units, dilating the small outflow arteries more than the small inlet arteries, thus reducing the intra-glomerular pressure and decreasing protein filtration. Currently, ACEI has been widely used in patients with diabetic nephropathy with large amounts of albuminuria in the early stage and even with normal renal function, especially in the former with satisfactory results. It must be accompanied by strict control of hypertension is also beneficial to control nephropathy. It is advisable to consume low protein diet in advanced renal failure should be used dialysis therapy, peritoneal dialysis is safer, end-stage can be kidney transplantation. 3, neuropathy early control of diabetic motor nerve conduction slowdown can be reversed to normal, but the sensory nerve efficacy is poor. The efficacy of B vitamins, B12, B6, B1, B2, NAA, etc., has been tried in the past. Those with neuralgia can try carbamazepine 0.2g per tablet, 3 times/d, which can temporarily relieve pain. Amitriptyline 30-50mg per night can also be effective, and fluphenazine 0.5-2.0mg, 2-3 times/d, can be used in combination with amitriptyline. In recent years, we have also tried inositol tablets, 2g/d in 2 oral doses, or the aldose reductase inhibitors Sobinil, Torrestat, statil, etc., or treatment with methyl vitamin B12 to achieve efficacy, the latter two are still under study. 4.Retinopathy The basic treatment is early control of diabetes. When bleeding and exudate can be tried (regular testing of the retina, control of blood sugar is most important, diabetic patients are difficult to operate (because the wound is not easy to heal)) Clofibrate, 2g/d, about 43.5% vision improvement, 15% cholesterol reduction. Those with platelet coagulation can try aspirin, but the efficacy is doubtful. In recent years, aldose reductase inhibitors have been tried to treat cataracts and fundus lesions, and have been effective. In addition to pharmacological treatment, photocoagulation therapy has been used in recent years to reduce hemorrhage and glial fiber proliferation by using laser cauterization of diabetic microangiomas to stop hemorrhage in the retina, destroy neovascularization in the vitreous, and eliminate retinal edema and microembolism in the capillaries. Laser therapy can be divided into focal and extensive, depending on the needs of the condition. To remove blood clots, fibrin and membrane formation in the vitreous, vitrectomy or detachment can be used. 5, foot ulcers are mainly caused by lower limb neuropathy and vascular disease with local pressure and even injury. As with other chronic complications, prevention is more important than treatment. Patients should pay attention to the protection of the feet, daily with 50-60 ℃ warm water to wash the feet, with a soft towel to absorb the water between the toe seam to prevent the occurrence of ingrown nails, such as callus timely treatment to avoid local pressure, injury, secondary infection. Socks should be soft and not broken or nails, shoes should be loose, and check for sharp and hard foreign objects before wearing shoes. Special insoles can also be used to reduce the pressure on the local protruding parts. If necessary, use antibiotics, vasodilators and blood stasis treatment, etc. Local ulcers can be trimmed of necrotic tissues and applied with drugs to remove stasis and create new ones, without amputation as much as possible.