Infertile patients undergoing IVF waiting for embryo transfer or ovulation induction for IUI are in the frustrating situation of having a “thin” uterine lining. It’s like a farmer planting seeds in the middle of the season when the ground is infertile. Everyone knows that seeds need to be sown in fertile, soft soil in order to take root and grow, and when the soil is hard and crusty, even the best seeds can’t take root. Season does not wait for people, we are anxious, so “fertilization and watering” measures are varied, in a variety of online media, QQ groups, WeChat groups, microblogging is filled with a variety of “panacea”, “prescription! “, “exclusive therapy” and so on. Every day, patients put forward a variety of methods, including “Baidu” search posts to consult, I often have to spend time to explain repeatedly. So I thought I’d write out my explanations to make it easier for everyone to share. The lining of the uterus grows from thin to thick every month in women of childbearing age. The thicker lining is ready for the embryo to implant and become pregnant, and if it doesn’t, it eventually peels off and is expelled to form menstruation, and so on and so forth, which is a woman’s menstrual cycle. This growth from thin to thick is due to the action of sex hormones produced by the ovaries. Along with the action of sex hormones, there is also the growth of blood vessels in the endometrium to ensure the blood supply, and some related growth factors, growth-stimulating factors, and other substances work together. The prerequisite for endometrial thickening is that the uterine lining has the ability to grow normally (e.g., no lesions, uterine adhesions, scars, infections, etc.), while other causes affecting the growth of the endometrium include systemic diseases (e.g., nutritional deficiencies, abnormalities of the thyroid gland, etc.), and psycho-neurological factors (e.g., nervousness, depression, insomnia, etc.). The thickness of the endothelium is indeed related to the successful implantation of the embryo. According to the data, the pregnancy rate is significantly lower in those whose endothelial thickness before embryo transfer is < 7 mm. Therefore, the thickness of endothelial growth is one of the indicators that we test by ultrasound before embryo transfer or IUI. When unsatisfactory endothelial growth is detected, we analyze the possible reasons for the "thinness" of the endothelium and take targeted measures. The tests that need to be done in order to analyze the cause are: ultrasound to measure blood flow, resistance to blood flow in the arteries under the lining; hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopy if necessary; testing of relevant hormone levels such as prolactin, thyroid function, androgens, etc.; testing of follicular function, in addition to follicle size, and if necessary, measurement of oestrogen levels. These tests can be targeted if problems are detected. Commonly used methods to deal with endometrial "thinning" are based on the results of the above tests, such as estrogen supplementation, promotion of vasodilation to reduce the resistance to endometrial blood flow (medication or physical therapy), improvement of thyroid function, reduction of androgens, surgical separation of adherent uterine cavities, and traditional Chinese medicine. Our Reproductive Center has tried to use granulocyte stimulation in patients with repeated implantation failures of endometrial dysplasia in recent years due to uterine cavity perfusion has gained promising results, and a significant portion of these repeated failures have achieved successful pregnancies, and this experience was summarized in the International Congress of Communication in 2014 and won the Outstanding Paper Award of the Congress. We also observed that electrophysiologic feedback therapy was effective in promoting endothelial growth in a group of patients, and these results were published and praised by national and international peers. The treatment of severe uterine adhesions or scarred uterine cavity is very tricky, like a field without soil only bare slate is exposed, and it is difficult to regenerate endometrium with the ability to grow under the existing conditions. Fortunately, recent advances in stem cell therapy have brought a ray of hope for endometrial regeneration. Several studies have reported that in animal models, stem cells can be colonized in damaged endometrial tissues of animals, which can promote the repair of endometrial damage. In China, there have been attempts to use bone marrow stem cells to treat uterine adhesions, uterine scarring and thin endometrium, and suggests that good results have been achieved, and there have been cases of successful pregnancies and deliveries. However, it must be pointed out that stem cell therapy is still not commonly used in clinical practice because the techniques of stem cell isolation, characterization, and culture are still not mature enough, and the side effects and their countermeasures are not fully defined, so the effectiveness and safety cannot be guaranteed. We are looking forward to doing sufficient basic research and preclinical trials as well as establishing standardized application management, so that this therapy can benefit mankind as soon as possible. One of the most common conditions in patients with a "thin" endometrium is the adverse effects of psychoneurological factors. In some cases, the endometrial thickness was normal and well-grown during routine checkups, but the endometrial "thinning" occurred when the patient was ready for embryo transfer or artificial insemination, and when asked, "I've been nervous for a few days and couldn't sleep well," and "I've been nervous for a few days and couldn't sleep well. I can't sleep well for a few days because I'm nervous," "I get cold hands and feet when I think about coming to the hospital," and "I always think that this embryo transfer must be successful. Stress can reduce the blood supply to the lining of the uterus, thus affecting the growth of the lining. In this case, I will spend more time talking with the patient, and sometimes suggest medications to help her sleep or soothe her nerves, which have no effect on the embryo. It is especially important if the patient's family members (husband, in-laws, etc.) can provide moral support. It is the desire of the farmer to grow a good crop; it is the hope of the infertile patient and the reproductive medicine doctor that the embryo transfer will result in a successful pregnancy and delivery. In order to grow crops on barren land, we need to work harder, and we need to work together to make the "thin" endometrium grow. We hope that the sunshine of the advancement of medical technology will soon shine on this barren land, and that the once barren land will be as fertile as before.