The identification of active pulmonary tuberculosis is mainly determined by sputum testing, clinical symptoms and pulmonary imaging. Sputum testing is positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum culture, or positive for Mycobacterium antacidum in sputum smear. The imaging test is a chest imaging, which can be seen as a patchy shadow with unclear edges, a central lysis or cavity, or a disseminated lesion, and a chest X-ray showing calcified nodules or fibrosis. If active tuberculosis is identified, anti-tuberculosis treatment is required, following an early, regular, rational, complete and combined treatment plan.