First, ankylosing spondylitis – high disability rate of the disease ankylosing spondylitis, to young adult men, 90% of patients HLA-B27 positive. Ankylosing spondylitis pathology is characterized by tendon attachment point inflammation, which mainly invades the central axis joints (spine, sacroiliac joints), but can also invade peripheral joints such as hip joints and knee joints unilaterally or bilaterally, and can also present with extra-articular manifestations such as iridocyclitis and aortic radiculitis. Most of the ankylosing spondylitis has a slow and hidden onset, and the course of the disease is chronic and progressive, gradually appearing fibrous and bony ankylosis of the spine, “bamboo-like changes”, so that the spinal activity is limited, and hunchback, and even can’t lie down; if the lesion involves the hip joint, it can be walking and squatting difficulties; in short, the late stage of ankylosing spondylitis can seriously affect the quality of life and loss of work ability. In short, the late stage of ankylosing spondylitis can seriously affect the quality of life and loss of working ability, but the disease is generally not life-threatening. What are the symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis? Typical symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis include: (1) low back pain: because of the slow onset of the disease, the symptoms are not obvious in the early stage of the disease, and the pain is often hidden, which is often ignored by patients. Lower back pain and alternating pain in the bilateral buttock area are common, and the symptoms worsen at night and during rest, while the symptoms can be alleviated after activities. With the development of the disease, the symptoms gradually aggravate, and there is difficulty in turning over and waking up with pain at night, and it is necessary to get out of bed and move around before going back to sleep. It can go up to the thoracic and cervical vertebrae. If it involves the thoracic rib joints or the rib joints, it can cause chest pain and limited chest expansion, and the pain is aggravated by inhalation, which can lead to respiratory difficulties in severe cases; if the cervical vertebrae is involved, it can cause inability to lower the head, tilt back and difficulty in turning the neck from side to side. (2) Morning stiffness: It is manifested as stiffness in the back in the early morning or when the patient is sitting or standing up for a long time, and the symptoms can be alleviated after activities. Morning stiffness is often an early symptom of the patient, and is also an indicator to monitor the activity of the disease, which can be significantly relieved after treatment. (3) Heel pain: redness, swelling and pain in the Achilles tendon may occur, and the pain is aggravated when walking. (4) Ankylosis: In the late stage, due to the fusion of vertebrae, the entire spine becomes ankylosed from the bottom up, and the patient’s spinal movement is obviously limited, unable to bend over, or even hunchback deformity. (5) Uveitis: Unexplained red eyes, photophobia, eye pain, tearing, blurred vision should be alerted to the most common extra-articular symptom of ankylosing spondylitis — uveitis (with iridocyclitis being the most common), and should be seen by ophthalmology and rheumatology at the same time, and if delayed diagnosis and treatment, the serious cases can lead to blindness. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key Currently, there is no drug that can reverse the joint destruction and ankylosis that has occurred, so early diagnosis and treatment is crucial for ankylosing spondylitis patients to avoid disability. Blood sedimentation and C-reactive protein are often elevated during the active stage of ankylosing spondylitis, and HLA-B27 and CT of sacroiliac joints are generally used as routine examinations to help diagnose the disease. If the onset of the disease is short, magnetic resonance examination of the sacroiliac joint should be performed, which is more sensitive and can detect early bone marrow edema that cannot be shown by X-ray, and helps in the early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis. Once diagnosed, regular treatment should be carried out as early as possible in rheumatology and immunology department. For the mid-axis joint-type ankylosing spondylitis which is mainly characterized by low back pain or hip pain, the effective medicines are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, TNF-α antagonists, etc. In addition, thalidomide is effective for some patients; for the patients who have peripheral joints such as hip joints and knee joints, salicylazosulphopyridine, methotrexate, leflunomide and so on can be applied. Fourth, the correct posture and functional exercise should not be ignored, ankylosing spondylitis need to carry out effective physical exercise, the importance of which is no less than drug therapy. 1, maintain the correct posture: standing, walking, sitting, try to lift the head, chest, abdomen, avoid long-term bending, need to sleep on a hard bed, preferably lying on the back, the pillow should be short. Change your body position frequently and avoid staying in one position for a long time. Regular measurement of height, in order to early detection of spinal curvature, timely measures to avoid hunchback. 2. Exercise and functional exercise: Swimming and aquatic exercise should be carried out more often; “Swallow fly movement” (see picture) should be done every day; turning the neck and waist to both sides and flexing the neck and waist before and after should be done to maintain the normal mobility of cervical vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae, and the amplitude of the movement should be gradual and gradually increase the intensity of the exercise, so that the pain of the joint muscles should be avoided and the pain of the joint muscles should be not be increased. The range of movement should be gradual, gradually increase the intensity of exercise, in order not to increase the pain of joint muscles, to avoid muscle injury or vertebral fracture caused by over-exertion; often do deep breathing and chest expansion to maintain the thoracic mobility, to avoid the restriction of the thoracic expansion affects the respiration. V. Precautions for daily life 1. First of all, we should keep an optimistic mindset, have a correct understanding of the disease, and have confidence in the treatment. Ankylosing spondylitis is generally not life-threatening, the disease is controllable, especially the introduction of biological agents TNF-a antagonist, for ankylosing spondylitis patients with the gospel, so that the patient is no longer “pain”! 2, to the doctor’s compliance should be good, follow the doctor’s instructions to correctly use the drug and functional exercise, do not arbitrarily stop the drug, to prevent recurrence. Regular follow-up should also be done to assess disease activity, drug efficacy and prevent adverse drug reactions. 3.Control weight, avoid overweight, avoid heavy physical labor to reduce the burden on joints. 4, diet, avoid spicy stimulation and cold food, more light and less greasy! 5.Quit smoking, the nicotine in the cigarette will cause stagnation of blood, not through the pain, so smoking can make the pain worse. Because ankylosing spondylitis patients often take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the drug can produce gastric stimulation, so you need to be careful with alcohol, to avoid the re-injury of alcohol on the stomach. 6, pay attention to keep warm, avoid taking cold baths, avoid wind, avoid cold and damp environment, avoid overwork and stay up late! Sixth, the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis misunderstanding 1, listen to rumors, mistakenly believe that ankylosing spondylitis is not curable, can only wait for the deformity of the post-surgical treatment, so as to lose the treatment and the confidence of life, delayed treatment, and ultimately lead to disability. 2. Mistakenly believing that small advertisements can cure ankylosing spondylitis, or listening to the “special effect medicine” that can be cured and purchased in Hong Kong, Macao or foreign countries, or mistakenly falling into the trap of charlatans and believing in their so-called “biased prescriptions” or “secret prescriptions”, and spending high prices to buy the so-called “secret prescriptions”. “After taking the drugs, the pain can be temporarily relieved and considered effective, but long-term use of these so-called “special effect drugs” often contain a large number of hormones, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, etc., and the patient does not know the composition of the drugs, not to mention the need to monitor and prevent the side effects, long-term or overdose of the drugs. Side effects, long-term or overdose may occur after osteoporosis, femoral head necrosis, gastric ulcers or bleeding, kidney function abnormalities. 3, blindly trust the fake “old Chinese medicine” prescribed by “no side effects” of Chinese medicine or “medicinal wine”, which may be unqualified or toxicity of Chinese medicine ingredients, liver damage or kidney failure or even uremia. Kidney failure or even uremia.