1. Circulation disorders: (1) coronary heart disease, heart failure, resulting in poor heart function and inability to supply blood to the end parts of the body. (2) Anemia: The low hemoglobin in the blood cannot carry enough oxygen, and the effective circulating blood volume in the body is insufficient. (3) The body’s blood vessels are constricted and the ability to return blood flow is diminished, making the blood circulation in the hands and feet, especially the fingertips, poor.
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2. Rheumatoid disease: Rheumatoid arthritis involves blood vessels and causes systemic vasculitis, which affects peripheral blood circulation and manifests as cold calves.
3. Lumbar spine lesions: Lumbar spine lesions such as lumbar discs or spinal stenosis compress the corresponding nerve branches and cause abnormal pain and temperature sensation in the innervated area.
4. Diabetes mellitus: advanced diabetes mellitus involves peripheral nerves, causing microangiopathy, or abnormal sensory circulation in the lower leg or foot in the case of diabetic foot.
5. Thrombo-occlusive vasculitis: an inflammatory, staged row and recurrent chronic occlusive disease of the blood vessels of the lower extremities, prevalent in male young adults, with early manifestations such as coldness and cyanosis of the affected limbs.