Adenoids are lymphatic tissues located in the nasopharynx (the junction between the nasopharyngeal roof wall and the posterior wall), also known as the pharyngeal tonsils, which are shaped like half of a peeled orange, with an uneven surface and 5-6 longitudinal grooves. In physiological conditions, each child will go through the same physiological process, that is, after the age of 2 years old adenoids gradually grow in size, 4-8 years old adenoids proliferation is the most vigorous, often reaching the largest volume of this stage, this period often become adenoids “physiological hypertrophy” period. The enlarged adenoids block the posterior nostrils, leading to snoring during sleep, and in severe cases, open-mouth breathing, breath-holding and a series of other pathological conditions. By the age of 10, the adenoids stop developing and gradually atrophy in adolescence, and in adulthood, only the remains of adenoids are visible in the nasopharynx. However, any upper airway infection or allergic disease can directly or indirectly induce pathological hypertrophy of the adenoids, leading to upper airway obstruction, which requires active treatment and, in severe cases, surgical removal of severely hyperplastic adenoids. If adenoid hypertrophy occurs during the compensatory phase, symptoms such as mild snoring and nasal congestion are usually mild and often do not attract the attention of parents. Individual children who are found in early consultation can often be relieved by anti-infective and anti-allergic medication. More often, adenoid hypertrophy is found in the decompensated stage of the disease, when most of the adenoids have already become significantly hyperplastic and enlarged, and medication is not effective, resulting in more persistent sleep snoring and open-mouth breathing, and even causing obstruction and chronic inflammation of the eustachian tube, leading to middle ear effusion and hearing loss. Chronic inflammation of the adenoids can also cause recurrent sinusitis in children, which usually requires surgical treatment to remove the diseased adenoids to clear the lesions and restore the upper airway.