1, to prevent urinary tract infection 6h after surgery to remove the urinary catheter, if you need to leave the urinary catheter, warm water wash perineum 2 to 3 times a day, disinfect the urethral opening and urinary catheter with 5% iodine volt. The urinary catheter was fixed under the patient’s leg and the drainage bag was lower than the bladder. Prevent retrograde infection by backflow of urine, and clip the urinary catheter regularly to encourage more water intake and training of bladder function. Apply sensitive antibiotics to control urinary tract infection. 2. Prevent decubitus ulcers Turn over once every 2h after surgery, alternate between lying down and lying on the side, keep the bed clean and flat, and scrub the whole body with warm water every day. Keep the perineum clean. Cauda equina nerve injury, incontinence, improper preoperative care, causing perineal eczema, give each stool to clean up in time, apply zinc oxide after cleaning, and strengthen skin care after eczema disappears. 3. Prevention of pulmonary infection Practice deep breathing and coughing up sputum before surgery. After surgery, give ultrasonic nebulized inhalation twice a day, encourage the patient to cough, and take turns tapping the chest with both hands. Tap on the back after each turn to make the sputum vibrate off and cough out. 4. Prevent abdominal distension and constipation Instruct patients to develop the habit of regular bowel movement, and give massage to the abdomen to promote intestinal peristalsis in constipation. In severe cases, give laxatives. If the abdominal distension reduce food, hot compress massage abdomen, anal canal exhaust, acupuncture or foot three li closed, acute gastric dilatation can be performed gastrointestinal decompression. 5, prevention of infection strictly comply with the principle of asepsis during surgery Postoperative drainage tube should not exceed the height of the incision to prevent backflow. Keep the incision dressing dry and clean, and change the dressing in time. Measure the body temperature for 4h after surgery, and low fever for 3-5 days after surgery is absorption fever. If the body temperature drops to normal and then rises again, the presence of infection should be suspected and active anti-infection treatment should be given. For diabetic patients, monitor blood glucose and control blood glucose fluctuation in the normal range. 6. Prevent incisional bleeding and cerebrospinal fluid leakage After surgery, due to the large amount of bloody fluid leaking from the wound, regularly measure vital signs and check peripheral blood if necessary to determine whether fluid rehydration and blood transfusion are needed. In patients with drainage tubes, if the volume exceeds 300 ml in 1 day, it indicates active bleeding. If the drainage is clear 2 to 3 days after surgery, it indicates cerebrospinal fluid leakage, which cannot be removed and must be drained in body position. If the cerebrospinal fluid leak is 1 week after surgery, it can be compressed by adding pads under the incision in prone position or in flat position. 7.Prevention of lower limb deep vein thrombosis After the operation, if the patient is found to have painful swelling of the lower limbs, bruised or flushed skin and slightly higher skin temperature, the patient should be alerted to the occurrence of lower limb deep vein thrombosis. Monitor the patient’s postoperative body temperature, pulse, calf circumference and gastrocnemius tenderness. Early postoperative activity is important to prevent lower limb deep vein thrombosis, and anticoagulant drugs can be routinely given to maintain blood flow. 8. Prevention of muscle atrophy and rehabilitation early postoperative functional exercise can prevent nerve root adhesions, promote blood circulation, avoid complications and promote rehabilitation. The activities can vary from person to person, and it is appropriate for patients not to feel fatigue and pain. Gradually increase the amount of activity, and give encouragement when the patient has a little progress, in order to increase confidence and promote physical and mental health.