Osteoporosis, metastases of the spine, myeloma, aggressive hemangiomas, and giant cell tumors of the bone due to various reasons, especially aging or hormone application, are common causes of bone loss and thus vertebral compression fracture (VCF). The clinical manifestations of vertebral compression fracture include severe pain, spinal cord paralysis, neurological deficits, impaired pulmonary function, and decreased quality of life. Traditional treatments include treatment of the primary disease, bed rest, and application of pain medication. However, continuous bed rest will aggravate bone loss, muscle stiffness and localized pain, and at the same time, the treatment of the primary disease is slow to take effect. to relieve in a short period of time. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) are new minimally invasive interventional techniques that increase the strength and stability of the vertebral body by injecting bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate PMMA) into the fractured vertebral body to rapidly reduce pain caused by vertebral compression fractures. In particular, percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) utilizes an expandable bone tamponade to open up the compressed vertebral body and create a space within the vertebral body and then injects high-viscosity bone cement. This method combines the advantages of kyphosis orthopedics and PKP, which can rebuild the height of the compressed vertebrae, correct vertebral kyphosis, provide pain relief, reinforce the vertebrae to maintain function, and restore the height of the fractured vertebrae. 1, PVP and PKP indications and contraindications indications: (1) osteoporosis-induced vertebral compression fracture: common in elderly patients, in the past, most of the use of medication and bed rest, prolonged bed rest can lead to complications, in which the amount of movement is reduced after bed rest, and more osteoporosis, easy to reoccurrence of vertebral compression fracture, the formation of a vicious circle, PVP and PKP can quickly relieve pain and increase the strength of spine to restore daily activities, avoiding osteoporosis, and to restore the height of fractured vertebrae. PVP and PKP can rapidly relieve pain and increase spinal strength, restore daily activities and avoid further aggravation of osteoporosis; (2) malignant tumors of spine: osteolytic metastases and myeloma of spine often cause severe pain, some patients are difficult to be operated due to the poor general condition, chemotherapy or radiotherapy can’t rapidly relieve pain and can affect the reconstruction of bone tissues and increase the occurrence of vertebral collapse; PVP and PKP can immediately relieve pain and increase the strength of spine and can be applied jointly with radiotherapy to increase the therapeutic effect. PVP and PKP can immediately relieve pain and increase spinal strength, and can be combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy to increase the therapeutic effect. (3) Painful vertebral hemangioma: most of the spinal hemangiomas are asymptomatic, and radiotherapy used to be the main treatment method when it caused pain or invasive hemangiomas, but due to the complications caused by a variety of complications, it has a tendency to be replaced by PVP. Contraindications: There is no absolute contraindication to PVP and PKP, but relative contraindications are as follows: (1) vertebral fracture line over the posterior margin of the vertebral body or bone destruction resulting in the incomplete posterior margin of the vertebral body; (2) coagulation dysfunction, bleeding tendency; (3) severe cardiopulmonary disease, extreme physical weakness, unable to tolerate the operation; (4) vertebral osteogenic metastatic tumors; (5) puncture site with infected patients. 2.Therapeutic mechanism of PVP and PKP In vertebral compression fracture, the mechanism of vertebroplasty for pain relief is not fully understood, and it is speculated that it may be related to stabilizing the vertebral body and preventing the fracture site from tiny movement, and at the same time, the heat production when PMMA polymerization makes the vertebral body necrosis of nociceptive endings, which can be regarded as the repair technique of fracture.Cotton et al. found that the injection of bone cement into the tumor body can lead to the tumor partially or completely necrotic, and it is possible for PMMA has different degrees of toxicity and the release of heat during its solidification process. Some scholars think that the anti-tumor effect of vertebroplasty may be that the tumor tissue is more sensitive to heat than normal tissue, and the injected bone cement directly or indirectly blocked the tumor blood vessels, resulting in partial necrosis of the tumor. 3.PVP and PKP technical methods (taking PKP as an example) Patients should be examined by routine x-ray and CT before operation, and MRI examination should be performed if necessary to clarify the location and nature of the lesion, and other routine examinations should be perfected. Sedatives were given preoperatively, and antibiotics were given 30 min before surgery. The patient was lying prone on the operating table, and local anesthesia or general anesthesia was used. Thoracic thrust was done by lateral approach and lumbar spine was done by vertebral root approach.The position of the puncture needle was observed under the guidance of C-arm x-ray machine, and when the puncture needle was placed to the appropriate position of the vertebral body, the inner core of the puncture needle was withdrawn, and the guiding needle was placed. The puncture needle was withdrawn, and the dilatation trocar and working trocar were placed sequentially along the guide needle, so that the anterior end of the working trocar was located 2-3 mm anterior to the posterior border of the vertebral body in front of the cortex, and the expandable balloon was placed through the working trocar, and the lateral position showed that its ideal position was in the anterior 3/4 of the vertebral body, which was tilted from posteriorly upward to anteriorly downward. The contrast agent is injected, the balloon is dilated to a pressure of no more than 300 psi, and the vertebral body is repositioned to create a cavity within the vertebral body, whereupon the balloon is removed and the filling agent is injected. Bilateral puncture is usually required, with 2 to 6 ml injected on each side.The patient was returned to the ward, given symptomatic treatment, and was discharged from bed on the second postoperative day.