For preschool-aged children with ADHD: behavioral therapy should be the first-line treatment of choice; for school-aged children (5-11 years old): medication should be used in conjunction with behavioral therapy managed by the child’s parents and/or teachers, and the combination of the two is more effective. Behavioral treatment and guidance 1. Behavioral therapy Its common goal is to change human behavior through changes in the natural and social environment. Behavioral therapy is generally accomplished through the parents, who receive special training to improve their ability to change and reshape their child’s behavior and their ability to manage their child’s behavior. Behavioral treatment strategies include: (1) Positive Reinforcement, which reinforces good behavior through rewards and other means, and gives positive reinforcement immediately when the child exhibits good behavior. (2) abatement method, the treatment needs to determine what kind of factors on the child’s bad behavior to play a reinforcing role, through the planned neglect (stop reinforcement) to reduce or eliminate certain bad behavior. (3) punishment method, when the child fails to achieve the goal, take appropriate consequences or give punishment. During behavioral therapy, the reward-outcome correspondence strategy should be used until the task is completed, and the expectation value of each task should be gradually raised until the child’s behavior changes. Parents, teachers, and medical staff should work closely together, treating the child with patience, care and love, and educating the child to address the child’s deficiencies in temperament, personality, and intelligence. Rewards should be given to the child when there are achievements in behavioral therapy, and the child should be positively educated on the child’s illegal behaviors, with more specific guidance, inspiration, and encouragement, rather than mentally pressuring the child, and not to be verbally abusive or physically punishing the child. The child’s bad behavior, should implement a regular life system to cultivate its good habits, such as strengthening the training of concentration, from a practical point of view, to create a good learning environment for the child, and according to the child’s hobbies and strengths, according to the situation and guidance, good guidance, to give play to its normal talent. At home, we should strictly require children to eat without looking around, do homework without watching TV, do not play with toys; in school, the teacher should also be strict supervision, so that children concentrate on listening to lectures, do not do small movements, do not speak loudly in class. 2, temporary isolation method also belongs to one of the behavioral therapy. When the child appeared some kind of bad behavior in a timely manner to isolate the child to a separate place, so that it is as soon as possible to quiet down, self-conscious isolation is due to their own bad behavior, the need to change this bad behavior. (1) Set a “target behavior” that is not acceptable to the family or teachers, such as aggression toward others. (2) Place the child in relative isolation when the “target behavior” occurs. (3) Clearly inform the child of the duration of isolation. One minute for every one year of age for younger children, and 30 minutes to one hour for children over 8 years of age. If the child is still yelling and screaming at the end of the time, the time of isolation is reset until the child quiets down. (4) When the child is unwilling to comply with the isolation, inform him or her that he or she must comply or the isolation time will be doubled and insisted upon. (5) Implement the method in such a way that the child knows that he or she will be reinforced by the parent or teacher only if the undesirable behavior is changed, otherwise the aggressive behavior will be subjected to isolation here when it occurs. (6) For children with developmental delay or mental retardation, the isolation time can be specified according to the developmental age. 3. Cognitive training: Train children with ADHD in self-control, self-control, thinking and problem-solving skills. The purpose of the training is to make the child develop the habit of “thinking twice before acting” and “stopping, looking and listening” in the activities, so as to strengthen self-regulation. For example, parents instruct their children to assemble a toy airplane, asking them to follow the steps carefully and to speak out loud every time they do an action. This method trains the child to operate according to the drawings, step by step, and patiently. Every time you do an action, you speak out loud, playing the role of self-regulation and self-promotion. 4, relief therapy let the child will be dissatisfaction or dissatisfaction with things all speak out, adults next to the attention of listening and give analysis, the right to be affirmed, wrong to guide the correction, so that the child is in a good mood, can get along well with parents and mutual cooperation. The use of appropriate opportunities for children to do more outdoor activities, reasonable arrangements for a variety of healthy sports, fun activities. Such as climbing, swimming; help parents or teachers to do things to make part of the exuberant energy to vent out, and then return to the classroom or do homework will be much quieter. At the same time to develop the child’s patience, enhance self-control, reduce the occurrence of impulsive destructive behavior. Parents and Teachers Counseling Almost all of the parents of the children are in varying degrees of anxiety or disappointment, as are some of the teachers, and as a result, they have formed a negative stereotype of the children. Therefore, psychotherapy is more effective when it is conducted simultaneously with both parents and with the understanding and participation of teachers. It should be recognized that ADHD is a disease, and change the view that children with ADHD are “bad children, hopeless”, and that punitive education is not only ineffective, but may even be counterproductive. Emphasis on positive reinforcement education, with more understanding and encouragement, encourage children to participate in regular activities, regular work and rest, to ensure adequate sleep and reasonable nutrition. Both school and home training should have consistent discipline requirements. 6, the school plan and support ADHD children behavioral treatment program in the school with family cooperation is equally important, the school plan includes the provision of classroom adjustments such as priority seating arrangements, adjusting the amount of homework, exams to adjust the way (in the supervised place of the examination, exams, flexible time, can be completed in batches) and behavioral management strategies. Compared with foreign countries, what is most lacking in ADHD treatment in China is school-related interventions and support, specifically including raising teachers’ awareness of ADHD, adjusting the arrangement of the teaching environment, special curricula, and individual counseling. Prevention and health care ADHD focuses on prevention, and specific preventive measures include: 1. Advocating natural childbirth to avoid brain damage caused by birth injury. 2. 2.Pregnant women should pay attention to maintaining a happy mood, mental tranquility, avoiding cold and heat, preventing diseases, using medicines with caution, prohibiting tobacco and alcohol, and avoiding poisoning, trauma and other factors. 3, to create a warm and harmonious living environment, so that children spend their childhood in a relaxed and happy. 4, pay attention to reasonable nutrition, avoid vitamin deficiency, food allergies, sugar metabolism disorders, etc., so that the child to develop good eating habits, not partiality, not picky about food, to ensure adequate sleep. 5, avoid eating foods high in lead. Try to avoid children playing with lacquer toys containing lead, especially can not contain such toys in the mouth.