Pneumoconiosis may cause lung cancer in later stages of development. Long-term inhalation of harmful dust in pneumoconiosis settles in the lungs, causing lesions mainly dust nodules and pulmonary fibrosis, often accompanied by chronic bronchitis, emphysema and lung dysfunction. One of the complications of pneumoconiosis that develops to a later stage is lung cancer. Inhaled harmful substances such as asbestos have carcinogenic effects, and long-term inhalation of harmful dust may lead to recurrent lung infections, etc., and abnormal repair of alveolar epithelial cells, thus causing lung cancer. In addition, it is also related to the patient’s physical fitness, immunity and treatment effect. After diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, one should get out of the harmful working environment, actively go to the hospital and follow the doctor’s instructions for active treatment to improve the prognosis of pneumoconiosis and reduce the risk of developing into lung cancer.