Tubular patterns are cylinders formed by protein coagulation within the renal tubules. A small number of clear and cellular granular tubular forms may be present in normal human urine. If there is an increase in the number of tubulars or the presence of other tubulars in the urine, it is called tubular urine. The clinical etiology of various types of tubular urine is analyzed as follows: 1, cellular tubular: (1) erythrocyte tubular is pathologic, indicating that the source of hematuria is in the renal tubules or glomeruli, commonly found in acute glomerulonephritis, acute pyelonephritis or acute renal failure. (2) Leukocyte tubular pattern is pathologic and is important evidence for diagnosing pyelonephritis and interstitial nephritis. If there are more such tubular pattern in urine, it has more diagnostic value and can be used as the basis for distinguishing pyelonephritis and lower urinary tract infection. (3) The presence of a large number of epithelial tubular patterns in the urine is indicative of active renal tubular disease. This condition can be found in glomerulonephritis, often coexisting with granular, clear, or red or white blood cell tubular pattern. 2. Granular tubular pattern: The granular tubular pattern is formed by the degeneration of epithelial cell tubular pattern or by the adhesion of the protoplasm of epithelial cells that have disintegrated. Granular tubular pattern means that there is degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells of renal tubules along with proteinuria, which is mostly seen in various glomerular diseases and toxic injury of renal tubules. Sometimes it can also appear in normal human urine, especially after strenuous exercise, if often recurring, it is abnormal. Wax-like and fat tubular pattern: Wax-like and fat tubular pattern is formed after the cellular granular tubular pattern is degraded again, which often reflects that the renal tubules are atrophied and dilated. It is mostly seen in chronic kidney disease with decreased urine output or nephrotic syndrome with steaturia. 4, transparent tubular pattern: transparent tubular pattern can appear in normal urine, transparent tubular pattern will increase when there is proteinuria, seen in various glomerular diseases.