Epidemiological surveys and etiological analyses of the causes of genitourinary fistulae have been conducted, and preventive measures have been developed. In China, it is still necessary to put the prevention of obstetric injuries in the first place, followed by improving the technical level of gynecological (external) surgery, the vast majority of urinary fistula can be avoided. 1, strengthen perinatal health care, and continuously improve the quality of obstetrics. China is one of the more developed developing countries, and obstetric fistula is still the main cause of urinary fistula in developing countries. In China’s economically and technologically developed areas, obstetric fistula has been greatly reduced, the hospital admitted in the past 20 years, mainly from rural or remote mountainous areas, so the focus of perinatal health care in rural areas, continue to strengthen the construction of the three-tier maternal and child health care network and maternal system management in the promotion of scientific midwifery and improve the rate of hospital births on the basis of the maternal health personnel should be constantly improve the level of business, especially the level of midwifery skills or difficult to deal with the level of timely detection of obstructed labor; to avoid difficult to deal with the birth of a child, and the quality of the obstetrics. The level of timely detection of obstructed labor; to avoid the prolongation of the second stage of labor of stagnant labor; vaginal surgery labor strict indications, appropriate treatment, to avoid direct injury; pay attention to the lower uterus transverse incision cesarean section, set the uterus to push a good bladder, to avoid the incision is too low and damage to the uterine blood vessels and sewing the ureter. The need for cesarean section to remove the fetus after hysterectomy, the feasibility of subtotal hysterectomy not to do a total hysterectomy, in order to reduce or avoid bladder or ureteral injuries resulting in fistulae. After repairing the urethral fistula, then pregnant labor and delivery should be carried out cesarean section. 2, the prevention of gynecological surgical injury should adhere to the preoperative discussion system, analyze the difficulties in the operation; grasp the links that are easy to cause injury during the operation; familiarize with the anatomy of the pelvic organs and variations. Improve the basic technical skills of surgical operation and operate patiently and carefully. In recent years, some scholars have emphasized preoperative assessment to choose the best surgical route and operation style according to the lesion and pelvic condition. For example, whether the surgical route is transvaginal or transabdominal, extrafascial total hysterectomy or intrafascial hysterectomy, and so on. In transabdominal hysterectomy, if there are adhesions, the adhesions should be separated and the normal anatomy of the organ can not be restored, and benign lesions can be done with endofascial hysterectomy and total hysterectomy outside the fascia to fully push away the bladder and the horns of the two sides, as well as the paracolic vaginal tissues can help to prevent fistulae from bladder or ureteral injuries. In the case of broad ligament leiomyoma, cervical leiomyoma, or bleeding during the treatment of the main ligament and other abnormalities, if not handled properly can often lead to ureteral injury. Therefore, the ureter should be touched to the location of the ureteral route, if necessary, from the internal iliac artery, external artery bifurcation incision of the posterior peritoneum, revealing the ureter, and tracking down the route; the treatment of the main ligament of the uterus uterine vascular hemorrhage can be feasible ligation of the internal iliac artery, which can help to correctly stop bleeding to avoid ureteral injury. Transvaginal hysterectomy, anterior vaginal wall bulge repair, and for uterine prolapse bladder bulge with ureteral position change, must be correctly dissected bladder and cervical gap, urethral bladder and vaginal mucosal gap, and adequately separate the paracervical tissue. Congenital absence of vaginoplasty or partial atresia vaginotomy, find the urethrocystic bladder and rectal gap are the key to avoid bladder and rectal injury. Extensive hysterectomy, separation of the bladder should be sufficiently free of injury, the correct ureteral tunnel opening treatment and avoid ureteral sheath injury is the key to prevent vesicovaginal fistula and ureterovaginal fistula 3, pay attention to the timely and appropriate treatment of genitourinary tract trauma and postoperative management. Tumor radiotherapy should be according to the routine, avoiding excessive measurement. Use uterine tray to put and take on time. 4.Improve the accuracy of radiotherapy. Improper handling of radiotherapy, such as overdose or unstable placement of the device can make the bladder or rectum receive more radiation than its tolerance, which often leads to the formation of urinary fistula. Therefore, before radiotherapy, it is necessary to fully understand the patient’s situation to formulate a treatment plan, accurately calculate the amount of radiation, correctly place the device, and protect healthy tissues, especially the bladder and rectum protection. Those who already have bladder or rectal metastases should not use radiation therapy Radiation therapy for patients after surgery when the operator should pay attention to protect the blood flow of the ureter.