What is urological laparoscopic surgery Urological laparoscopic surgery, that is, through the artificial establishment of tubular channels through the abdominal wall to reach the body cavity of the urological organs, the introduction of endoscopic camera system and instrument operating system, the abdominal cavity is inflated, the operator with the help of these two systems on the patient’s surgical treatment of various diseases. Most of the early urological laparoscopic surgeries were performed through the abdominal cavity. 1992, India created the artificial retroperitoneal space technique (adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters are located in this space), which makes it more convenient for urologists to utilize laparoscopic techniques to deal with adrenal, renal, and ureteral disorders and avoids surgical interference with other organs in the abdominal cavity. Laparoscopic technique is the most extensive, mature and effective revolution to traditional open surgery in the field of urology after transurethral surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Superiority over traditional surgery Laparoscopic surgery, the diameter of the channel is generally 5 to 10 millimeters, there are only “three small holes” in the skin, while the traditional open surgery is “a cut in the waist”. In comparison, laparoscopic surgery is less traumatic, less bleeding, and less painful after surgery. Surgery is carried out under high-definition magnified imaging, with fine and accurate movements, which can carry out “targeted removal” and “precise strikes” on lesions, avoiding damage to normal human tissues to the greatest extent possible. Fast postoperative recovery, generally can eat the next day after the operation, and can get out of bed, bedtime is short, reducing the chance of complications such as atelectasis, lung infection, deep vein thrombosis and so on, caused by prolonged bedtime after open surgery. The hospitalization time is short, usually about 3-5 days after the operation can be discharged from the hospital. The operation does not cut off the nerves and muscles of the waist and abdominal wall, which can maximize the preservation of the patient’s ability to work. The residual scar on the skin after surgery is slight and the aesthetic appearance is not affected. At present, urological diseases suitable for the application of laparoscopic technology for surgery mainly include four categories Adrenal diseases: laparoscopic adrenal tumor resection is recognized as the gold standard surgery for the treatment of benign adrenal diseases, which can replace most of the open surgery. Adrenal cortical hyperplasia, cortical adenomas (primary aldosteronism) and pheochromocytomas can be treated with laparoscopic techniques. Benign renal and ureteral lesions: including renal cysts, atrophic and non-functioning kidneys, benign renal tumors, celiac disease, pelvic-ureteral junction stenosis, and ureteral stones. Renal cancer and renal pelvis cancer: generally, early and middle stage renal cancer can undergo laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, and a part of early stage renal cancer which is small in size and located at one pole can choose to undergo laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Open surgery for radical treatment of renal pelvis cancer usually requires two long incisions in waist and lower abdomen, while laparoscopic radical treatment of renal pelvis cancer only requires a short incision in lower abdomen and three poke holes in waist, with less muscle damage but same surgical effect. Bladder cancer and prostate cancer: laparoscopic total bladder excision can be performed for patients who need total bladder excision, and the method of urinary diversion after excision surgery can be chosen according to the specific condition of patients. Laparoscopic radical prostate cancer treatment can likewise achieve open radical surgery results. In addition, varicocele, cryptorchidism in the abdominal cavity and other diseases can also be operated by laparoscopic techniques.