Hard earwax usually refers to cerumen embolism, and patients need to consult a doctor in time to remove the cerumen directly under the operation of the doctor, or remove the cerumen by flushing method or suction method. 1. Direct removal: The patient should seek medical treatment in time, go to ENT department, and use professional instruments such as cerumen hook, knee forceps for ear, ear pliers, etc., and illuminate with microscope, speculum and frontal scope under the operation of the doctor to remove the cerumen directly; in case of people with narrow external ear canal or children who are not well-coordinated, the cerumen can be cleaned up with the assistance of otoscopy after sufficiently softening the cerumen. 2. Flushing method: If the patient cannot cooperate or has difficulty in removing the cerumen, the external auditory canal can be flushed to remove the cerumen. When flushing, attention should be paid to the fact that the flow of water should be directed towards the posterior and superior walls of the external auditory canal, so as to make full use of the force of water reflux to flush out the cerumen. 3. Suction method: For cerumen with poor mobility and hard texture, 3% sodium bicarbonate can be used to soften the cerumen first, and then professional suction can be used to extract the cerumen. It is recommended that patients should pay attention to keep the external ear canal clean in daily life to avoid infection, and prohibit the violent removal of cerumen with ear-digging spoons.