Medical isolation refers to the standardized monitoring of epidemic infectious diseases of category A such as plague and cholera, as well as methods of personal protection and implementation of all preventive measures. The targets of medical isolation are Category A infectious diseases such as bubonic plague and cholera, and Category B infectious diseases such as neococcal pneumonia under Category A management. For infectious diseases that are highly contagious and have a high mortality rate, such as cholera and plague. For serious infectious diseases with mandatory management, the discovery should be promptly reported to the Infectious Disease Surveillance Information System (IDSIS). The period of medical isolation should be in a single room under close observation. Suspected cases should and should be completely isolated from the outside world, confirmed and suspected patients should be isolated, and patient excreta should be thoroughly disinfected. Only full-time medical personnel can enter after sterilization. Tip: The “new coronavirus pneumonia” mentioned in this article was renamed to “new coronavirus infection” on December 26, 2022, as announced by the National Health Commission.