Arterial calcification is not the same as atherosclerosis, and both diseases require treatment under the guidance of a medical professional. Arterial calcification is a term used in imaging to describe a pathological change in the formation of calcium deposits in the middle and outer membranes of arterial vessels, which decreases the elasticity of the vessels, increases their brittleness, and makes them susceptible to rupture. Atherosclerosis is also a commonly used way of describing imaging tests, referring to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques caused by lipid deposition and overgrowth of fibrous tissue on the lining of the arterial vessels, which are prevalent throughout the body of the large and medium-sized arteries, and can lead to arterial stenosis or even occlusion. Therefore, arterial calcification and atherosclerosis are not the same. When arterial calcification or atherosclerosis occurs, the patient should seek medical treatment in time. Patients suffering from high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and other diseases need to actively control the primary disease, while improving their lifestyle, if necessary, through oral medication or surgery. Active treatment under the guidance of specialized physicians can slow down the development of the disease and improve the prognosis of patients.