General anesthesia is a procedure in which the pediatrician is temporarily rendered unconscious by pharmacological or non-pharmacological means to ensure that various surgical procedures are completed without pain. This type of anesthesia allows the patient to completely lose consciousness and sensation during the procedure and to sleep quietly and painlessly. For young children, general anesthesia has almost become the first choice for pediatric surgical anesthesia because they cannot consciously cooperate with the surgery. However, many parents have doubts, “Will general anesthesia affect the child’s intellectual development?” However, many parents have doubts: “Will general anesthesia affect the child’s intellectual development?”; “Will the child become dumb and stupid after using anesthesia, affecting learning and development?” Some parents even refuse general anesthesia because of this. This is due to people do not understand the general anesthesia caused. We know that brain cell activity must have sufficient oxygen and sugar and other nutrients, of which oxygen is the main determining factor, if there is a respiratory, circulatory disorders will cause brain cell hypoxia, brain cells stop supplying oxygen for 5 to 8 minutes, it will seriously affect the metabolism of brain cells, affecting brain function, and even cause irreversible consequences. Therefore, theoretically, if there is no ischemia and hypoxia, it is impossible to have an impact on the child’s intelligence. Pediatric general anesthesia can be divided into intravenous and inhalation according to the route of administration, that is, through intravenous injection or pulmonary inhalation of anesthetic drugs, through the blood circulation to reach the nerve center – the brain, by blocking the bioelectric transmission between nerve synapses, to achieve the purpose of inhibiting the child’s consciousness and blocking the transmission of pain. However, this blockage is controlled and reversible. Controllability means that during the surgery, the anesthesiologist can precisely control the anesthetics to meet the requirements of the surgery and to ensure the child’s life is stable. At the end of the surgery, under the control of the anesthesiologist, the anesthetics will be excreted from the body, of which 99.9% of the inhaled anesthetics are excreted in their original form through the lungs, and the intravenous anesthetics are also transformed into harmless substances in the body and excreted in the urine, while the neurological function is restored and no “effects” are left behind. On the contrary, if pediatric surgery is not performed without anesthesia, it increases the risk of surgery and even causes “pediatric stupidity”, which is by no means alarming. Pediatric surgery requires a team effort to complete. It takes not only a pediatric surgeon, but also nurses and anesthesiologists in the operating room and post-operative care unit. The anesthesiologist not only provides the anesthesia, but also escorts the surgery. During surgery, anesthesiologists understand patients’ basic vital indicators such as blood pressure, heartbeat, blood oxygen level, etc. through rich clinical experience and advanced monitoring instruments on the one hand, and comprehensively regulate patients’ physiological indicators through infusion, medication and oxygenation on the other hand, to ensure the supply of oxygen throughout the operation period. Without these efforts of anesthesiologists, surgical safety would be impossible to talk about. The continuous postoperative monitoring is also aimed at preventing various unexpected situations and ensuring the oxygen supply to the brain. Of course, anesthesia as a drug also has certain side effects. Some children appear unresponsive during the postoperative recovery period because of the low metabolic rate and poor excretory function of children, coupled with the “secondary distribution” of anesthetic drugs stored in fat, muscle and other tissues in the blood after surgery, children still have some residual anesthetic in their blood, which manifests as Postoperative recovery is characterized by indifference and unresponsiveness. This phenomenon is the normal metabolic process of anesthetic drugs, parents do not need to worry about it. Individual children may have different degrees of insomnia and short-term memory impairment within a week after anesthesia, but it does not mean that the child’s intelligence is affected. On the contrary, pediatric surgery is inseparable from general anesthesia. First of all, pediatric intelligence is not developed enough to understand the disease and cooperate with the surgery. Imagine how traumatic it is for a pediatrician to leave the arms of his parents, enter an unfamiliar operating room, and endure severe pain. Some scholars have studied that there is a long period of postoperative behavioral developmental disorder in such a pediatric patient, and there is a significant endocrine disorder, and even when he grows up to be an adult, this unpleasant experience also exists in his subconscious to cause psychological disorders; secondly, without general anesthesia, it is impossible for the child to cooperate during surgery, which brings about non-stop movement, and then has a huge impact on the fineness of the surgery; finally good anesthesia can also provide the surgeon Provide a good surgical environment, otherwise, the surgeon has to soothe or even hold down the sick child while performing surgery, and it is difficult to guarantee the successful completion of the surgery amidst the cries of the child. In summary, general anesthesia for pediatric surgery is very necessary, as long as the anesthesiologist master the characteristics of pediatric anesthesia, accurate use of drugs, careful observation, and correct treatment, we can definitely ensure the safety of surgery, and the postoperative period will not produce those adverse effects rumored in society.