General anesthesia consists of three processes, divided into induction, maintenance, and recovery phases. Venous access is established before anesthesia, and the corresponding monitors are connected. The evaluation of vital signs before anesthesia is made. Induction phase The purpose of induction of anesthesia is the process of changing the patient from the awake state to the anesthetized state. Usually intravenous general anesthetics, analgesics, and muscle relaxants are used, and the patient undergoes the following changes within a few minutes: from a conscious state to loss of consciousness; respiration 16-20 times/min to respiratory arrest, a process that requires tracheal intubation (using a type of tracheal tube inserted into the lungs, replacing the patient’s breathing with a ventilator); the presence of pain sensation to its disappearance, etc. During this period, the patient’s vital functions change considerably, requiring close monitoring and readiness to handle what happens. Maintenance period After the induction period, the surgeon prepares for surgery. Anesthetics during the induction period can only be maintained for a short period of time, and anesthetic drugs are continuously applied during surgery to maintain a certain depth of anesthesia. Usually there are intravenous general anesthetics, inhalation general anesthetics, etc., and the medication is adjusted according to the depth of anesthesia and the effect of the drug on the patient. Monitoring is performed during the maintenance period, and the effect of surgical operation on the patient’s life is always observed and treated if necessary to ensure the patient’s life safety. Recovery period When the surgery is over, the patient enters the recovery period. The anesthetic drugs will be discontinued and some drugs will be used to reverse the effects of the anesthetic drugs. In the anesthesia recovery room your consciousness will gradually return, the patient’s vital symptoms are still continuously monitored, some medications are used to reduce your discomfort, and the tracheal tube is removed when the patient’s respiratory function recovers better. Post-operative pain management is performed when the patient feels pain. The whole process is managed by anesthesiologists and nurses, and the patient is unaware of the surgical procedure when he/she regains consciousness.