Liver MRI Study Notes – Giant Hemangioma

According to the size classification, giant size hemangioma 10cm or more. The following symptoms may occur: 1. abdominal mass abdominal mass is cystic in nature, no pressure pain, smooth or non-smooth surface, conductive vascular murmur may be heard occasionally during auscultation at the site of the mass. 2. Gastrointestinal symptoms Indistinct pain and/or discomfort in the right upper abdomen, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, belching, distention and fullness after eating, and other indigestion symptoms. 3. Compression symptoms Huge hemangioma may push and compress the surrounding tissues and organs. Compression of lower esophagus may cause difficulty in swallowing; compression of extrahepatic bile duct may cause obstructive jaundice and gallbladder effusion; compression of portal vein system may cause splenomegaly and ascites; compression of lung may cause dyspnea and pulmonary atelectasis; compression of stomach and duodenum may cause gastrointestinal symptoms. 4. Ruptured hepatic hemangioma bleeding Ruptured hepatic hemangioma bleeding may cause severe pain in the upper abdomen, as well as bleeding and shock symptoms. Most of the hepatic hemangiomas growing below the costal arch rupture and bleed due to external force. 5. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome Coagulation abnormalities caused by thrombocytopenia and massive depletion of coagulation factors. The pathogenesis of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is the retention of blood in the giant hemangioma, which causes massive depletion of red blood cells, platelets, coagulation factors II, V, VI and fibrinogen, resulting in abnormal coagulation mechanism, which may further develop into DIC. 6. Other In case of reversal of a tipped hemangioma growing outside the liver, necrosis may occur, resulting in severe abdominal pain, fever and deficiency. In individual patients, heart failure may occur due to the formation of arteriovenous fistula with huge hemangioma, which increases the amount of blood returned to the heart. MRI performance】 On MRI, giant hemangioma has typical morphological features. The edges are well defined, with low signal in T1WI and high signal in T2WI, and typical peripheral nodular enhancement in the arterial phase. Usually one or many scars in the center may show higher signal than other components within the lesion. The lesion is continuously enhancing and the central scar is not enhancing. A. T2WI fat suppression: high signal, lobulated; B. T1WI isochronous image: low signal, central scar is even lower; C. Typical peripheral nodular enhancement; D. Delayed phase: continuous homogeneous enhancement is still seen, central scar is not enhanced. Differential diagnosis】 Sometimes it needs to be differentiated from diffuse ovarian cancer metastases.