1. What is the cause of cervical cancer? It is the only cancer with a clear cause, which is HPV (human papillomavirus) infection. HPV infection has a clear relationship with sexual behavior, and it takes about 10-15 years from the beginning of sexual behavior after the infection of HPV to the development of cervical cancer, so the age of 35-50 years old is the most frequent age group of cervical cancer. Abnormal leukorrhea, especially bleeding after sexual intercourse, is an important sign of cervical cancer. People without celiac disease can also have cervical cancer or precancerous lesions. What kind of people are prone to cervical cancer? Middle-aged women, especially those who have early sexual life, have many sexual partners, have been infected with HPV and have low immunity, need to pay special attention to cervical lesion screening and reasonable treatment. 3.How to detect cervical cancer and pre-cancerous cervical lesions at an early stage? Cervical cancer smear once a year. the incidence rate of cervical cancer after the age of 65 is extremely low, so it can be screened without routine screening. It is recommended to undergo TCT (liquid-based thin layer cytology smear) which is highly accurate. Colposcopic cervical biopsy of the suspicious area is the initial confirmation of the diagnosis. Do not rush into medication or physical therapy for celiac disease; always except cancerous or precancerous lesions first. It is not safe to listen to advertisements and use vaginal medication without authorization. 4, HPV test found positive, must suffer from cervical cancer There are many patients in the cervical cancer screening, routinely done TCT (liquid-based thin layer cell smear) and HPV (human papillomavirus) test, the results found that HPV positive, a high degree of fear, worried that they immediately get cancer, in fact, it is not necessary, only the high-risk type of HPV persistent infection, it is possible to get cancer, the initial tendency to pre-cancerous lesions. If the precancerous lesions are not detected by timely physical examination, they may further develop into cervical cancer. HPV infection is not a disease HPV infection itself is not a disease, most of the infections can be cleared by the body’s own immunity, which will not cause any symptoms and will not affect your health. Simple HPV infection does not require treatment, only persistent infection caused by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia requires treatment. 6. Whether HPV infection is common in men HPV infection is very common in both men and women, and it is difficult to make a detailed assessment of men because there has not been a large-scale study of men and there is no certified method of testing for HPV in men. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expects that more than half of all men will become infected with HPV at some point in their lives. 7. Can HPV infection affect pregnancy?Can HPV be transmitted to the baby in the womb? HPV can be transmitted vertically from the mother to the baby during labor and delivery. However, this is very rare, and in some rare cases, HPV infections have appeared in the respiratory tracts of babies, most commonly is causing laryngeal papillomas, and early detection. , early treatment is the most critical. 8.Endometrial cancer is mostly seen in those people Most of the endometrial cancer in the uterine body is endometrial adenocarcinoma, and there are also a few uterine sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma malignant lesions and choriocarcinoma. The occurrence of endometrial cancer is related to endocrine disorders leading to abnormal proliferation of endometrium, and the disorders of ovarian function before and after menopause make endometrial adenocarcinoma prevalent in this period. Women who are obese, diabetic, hypertensive, childless and breastfeeding are high risk groups. Irregular vaginal bleeding and excessive endometrial thickening on ultrasound may be associated with endometrial cancer. In particular, postmenopausal bleeding, commonly known as “inverted bloom” should not be ignored! Diagnostic scraping and sending the endometrium for pathologic examination are necessary means to confirm the diagnosis of this disease. How to detect endometrial cancer at an early stage No matter how much bleeding after menopause, how long it lasts and how many times it occurs, you must go to the hospital for examination. When diagnostic scraping is needed, don’t refuse or delay for fear of pain. HRT and taking tamoxifen (which has a weak estrogenic effect) after breast cancer surgery can make the endometrium proliferate, so check the endometrium regularly. 10.What are the Early Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer The peak incidence of ovarian cancer is at the age of 45-64 years old, which can be primary on the ovary or metastasized from the gastrointestinal tract as well as other parts of the body. Early stage is usually asymptomatic, while late stage is characterized by ascites, masses, pain and other symptoms. Occasionally, some postmenopausal or even elderly women have “returned to childhood”, with “menstruation”, increased leukorrhea, plump breasts and moist vagina. …… This is because she has grown up with an estrogen-secreting ovarian cancer. Ovarian Cancer Tumors That Secrete Estrogen 11: How to Achieve Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer Regular ultrasound is the best way to detect ovarian tumors at an early stage, and CT or MRI is feasible when necessary. Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive yet the most intuitive and accurate diagnostic means, doctors and patients should not look at it too conservatively. Ovarian tumors should be operated on as soon as possible; delay and observation may delay treatment. There is no “miracle drug” that can eliminate tumors. True ovarian tumors cannot be cured without surgery. Some people are interested in “puncture”, but they need to know that what is punctured out is the water in the tumor, and the tumor is still in the abdomen! If the tumor is malignant, the puncture will be even more helpful. People with a family history of cancerous tumors, who have had surgery for ovarian tumors, and who have had a history of surgery for breast and gastrointestinal cancers should be especially wary of ovarian tumors. Postmenopausal women whose ovaries are palpable (enlarged) on pelvic examination should be taken seriously and observed closely.