A polyp is literally a small piece of unwanted flesh, a mass of hyperplastic tissue, a protruding and bulging lesion of the empty organ into the cavity. Under normal circumstances, our GI mucosa is flat and smooth, and the epithelial cells on its surface are renewed and shed in an orderly manner every day. If it is damaged by excessive physical, chemical or biological factors, the accelerated repair of the GI mucosa may become overgrown and form a small bulge or bump on the surface of the digestive tract. These raised lesions on the mucosa of the GI tract are known as GI polyps, which appear to be “meatballs” but have many different pathologies, including adenomas, proliferation and reparative responses to inflammatory stimuli, localized mucosal hyperplasia and hypertrophy, or even early cancer. The prognosis and management of polyps of different nature are absolutely different. Therefore, polyps require pathological examination to determine their nature. Colorectal polyps are bulging lesions on the surface of colorectal mucosa, and more than half of the adenomas over 2 cm will become cancerous. Colon cancer and intestinal polyps are closely related, because most colon polyps grow in the rectum and sigmoid colon, and sigmoid colon and rectum are also the preferred sites for colorectal cancer. From the pathological point of view, colonic polyps can be divided into two main categories: inflammatory polyps and adenomatous polyps. Inflammatory polyps (non-neoplastic polyps) are less likely to become cancerous, while adenomatous polyps can become cancerous, polyps without heterogeneous hyperplasia are almost not cancerous, while polyps with heterogeneous hyperplasia have a higher cancer rate; polyps with wide base, multiple polyps, polyps larger than 2 cm, and those with a disease duration of more than two years have a higher rate of malignant transformation.