Neonatal diabetes mellitus, also known as congenital insulin insufficiency, is often referred to as type 1 diabetes mellitus. When neonatal diabetes occurs, exogenous insulin should be supplemented promptly, which means regular subcutaneous injections of insulin to control blood glucose. If the diagnosis is made in a timely manner and the insulin is supplemented in a timely manner, there will be no serious complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, and the child’s growth will not be affected. Because of the congenital insulin secretion insufficiency, this situation can not be changed, so it is necessary to exogenous supplementation of insulin for a lifetime, relatively long treatment period, the treatment cost is higher, but it is not an incurable disease.