When the anus is swollen next to the anus, the patient needs to go to the hospital in a timely manner. First, the diagnosis of the disease needs to be clarified in order to take the appropriate treatment. There are two common clinical causes of hemorrhoids and perianal abscesses, which are treated as follows: First, hemorrhoids: most of them are thrombosed external hemorrhoids or inflammatory external hemorrhoids, which are caused by local circulation disorders. If the anal swelling is caused by hemorrhoids, it can be treated conservatively with medication, patients can take oral diosmin, topical hemorrhoid cream, with Chinese medicine or potassium permanganate solution sitz bath and other treatments to relieve local symptoms, serious need to consider surgery. Secondly, perianal abscess: due to purulent infection in the perianal rectal space, it can lead to serious local redness, swelling and pain symptoms, requiring surgical treatment to cut and drain the abscess cavity.