Most benign thyroid nodules require only regular follow-up and no specific treatment. In rare cases, surgery, thyroid hormone suppression therapy, radioactive iodine i.e. Iodine 131 therapy, or other treatment options are available. Indications for surgery for benign thyroid nodules include the following: the presence of localized compression symptoms clearly associated with the nodule; the combination of hyperthyroidism and the failure of medical treatment; the location of the mass in the retrosternal or mediastinal septum; and the progressive growth of the nodule, with clinical consideration of a tendency to malignant transformation or the combination of high-risk factors for thyroid cancer. Those who strongly request surgery due to appearance or excessive ideological concerns affecting normal life can be used as relative indications for surgery. Patients with benign thyroid nodules can consult a specialized physician for specific treatment options.