Vaginal biopsy is a routine means of diagnosing cancerous lesions such as vaginal tumors and tumors in the cervix. Vaginal biopsy is an examination means to take out the suspicious tissues of vagina and cervix through colposcope and biopsy in order to determine whether there are lesions in the area, vaginal biopsy is a necessary means to diagnose vaginal and cervical areas in the tumor. Vaginal tumors are less common than cervical tumors, such as vaginal smooth muscle tumor, papilloma, vaginal squamous carcinoma, vaginal adenocarcinoma, etc. Cervical tumors are most common in cervical cancer, and the most common pathological type of cervical cancer is squamous carcinoma, followed by adenocarcinoma, while tumors in cervical area, such as cervical smooth muscle tumor, are less common. In conclusion, vaginal biopsy is a routine means to diagnose tumors in the vagina and cervix, and if necessary, relevant examinations can be carried out as prescribed by doctors to avoid misdiagnosis.