Congenital hydronephrosis has the potential to lead to uremia (i.e., end-stage chronic kidney failure).
Obstruction of urine drainage from the renal pelvis, increased intrarenal pressure after accumulation, dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces, atrophy of the renal parenchyma, and reduced function are called hydronephrosis. The clinical manifestations of hydronephrosis are different due to the primary cause of the obstruction, the location, degree and duration of the obstruction, and may even be completely asymptomatic.
In the case of acute obstruction of the upper urinary tract, renal colic, nausea, vomiting, hematuria and pressure pain in the renal region often occur. Lower urinary tract obstruction, mainly manifested as urinary difficulties and bladder emptying obstacles, and even urinary retention, and cause hydronephrosis symptoms often appear later, the clinical manifestation of different degrees of renal function damage.
If hydronephrosis is complicated by infection, it will manifest as acute pyelonephritis symptoms, with chills, high fever, lumbago and bladder irritation symptoms. If the obstruction is not relieved, the infected hydronephrosis is difficult to be cured, or may develop into a pus kidney, the abdominal mass may be detected, and the patient often has fever and emaciation.
If the urinary tract obstruction is not relieved for a long time, it will lead to the decrease or even loss of renal function on the obstructed side. Isolated kidney or bilateral upper urinary tract complete obstruction may appear anuria, renal failure.