I. What are the risk factors for mild cognitive impairment and dementia? Understanding the risk factors for mild cognitive impairment and dementia is helpful for taking targeted preventive measures. There are many risk factors for mild cognitive impairment and dementia, which can be divided into the following four categories: 1. demographic factors High age and low education level are risk factors for mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and high education level is a protective factor. 2.Genetic factors Mild cognitive impairment and dementia are hereditary, the incidence rate of patients’ close relatives is higher than that of the general population, 10%-15% of patients have a significant family history, and several genes have been found to be associated with the development of dementia. 3, vascular factors Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc. are risk factors for mild cognitive impairment and dementia. 4.Life habits High-fat diet and morbid obesity are risk factors for dementia, and regular exercise and mental activity are protective factors. It can be seen that some of the risk factors can be treated or adjusted (such as vascular factors, lifestyle), while some cannot be treated (age, gender, genetics, etc.). The risk factors that can be intervened should be actively treated or adjusted to prevent or delay the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. 2. What are the causes of mild cognitive impairment and dementia? There are numerous causes of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, which can be divided into two main categories, those caused by primary neurological diseases and those caused by causes other than neurological ones. The former includes neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia), other diseases of the nervous system (e.g., stroke, tumors, encephalitis, etc.), and psychiatric diseases, while the latter includes systemic diseases (e.g., liver and kidney insufficiency, malnutrition) and poisoning (e.g., alcoholism), for a total of five major categories. According to the therapeutic effect, mild cognitive impairment and dementia can be subdivided into irreversible and reversible. However, the following 3 points should be noted: 1. reversible and irreversible are based on the current medical level, with the development of medicine, many irreversible cognitive impairment and dementia will be treated; 2. many reversible cognitive impairment and dementia after etiological treatment, intelligence can only be partially restored, and the more advanced the effect is worse, no longer reversible; 3. irreversible cognitive impairment and dementia are often accompanied by reversible factors. For example, patients with dementia are prone to malnutrition, vitamin deficiency, infection and other factors that aggravate the disease due to their diminished ability to live, and treatment of these factors can improve the patient’s symptoms. Treatment of these factors can improve the patient’s symptoms. Clinically, reversible causes and reversible factors should be actively sought for intervention.