The uterus is a female reproductive organ in the shape of an inverted pear, divided into the uterine fundus, uterine body and cervix. Various pathological changes occur in the cervical region, known as cervical lesions, including inflammation, injury, tumors, malformations, etc. Benign cervical lesions include acute and chronic cervical inflammation, cervical polyps, cervical hypertrophy, cervical columnar epithelial displacement (commonly known as cervical erosion), etc. More serious cervical lesions include cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, etc. The common symptom of cervical lesions is vaginal discharge, i.e. increased vaginal discharge. After infection or cancer, vaginal discharge may be accompanied by foul odor, especially after cancer, vaginal discharge is white or bloody, thin like water or rice slop, accompanied by fishy odor; in inflammation, vaginal discharge may be yellow or yellow-white, accompanied by itching and burning sensation in vulva or vagina. The second main symptom is vaginal bleeding, which often manifests as contact bleeding, i.e. bleeding occurs after sexual contact or gynecological examination; it can also manifest as irregular vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding occurring in between menstruation, prolonged periods or increased menstrual flow in patients. In patients with cervical lesions, different degrees of cervical lesions are seen during gynecological examination. In some patients, the cervix is smooth, while in others, the cervical mucosa is congested, reddened or white-spotted, erosion, different degrees of hyperplasia, and in those with cancerous lesions, the formation of superfluous organisms is seen. Most patients with what is commonly known as cervical erosion have pseudo-erosion, which is a physiological phenomenon and does not require treatment. Most cervical lesions occur in people who are infected with HPV (human papillomavirus), have excessive sexual intercourse, or have unclean sex, etc. Most patients have benign lesions and some patients can heal on their own. Patients with high-risk factors such as multiple sexual partners, smoking, early sex (<16 years old), sexually transmitted diseases, low economic status, long-term oral contraceptive use and immunosuppression need to be screened regularly.