When you walk on the street, you often see the propaganda of “painless gastroscopy” and “painless colonoscopy”, and some of them even say more vividly: “Just one sleep, easy to check the disease”. So what is “painless endoscopy”? Do you really understand it? The so-called “painless endoscopy”, as the name implies, is the use of technologies that enable patients undergoing endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract to reduce or forget the pain that the procedure may cause them. The current painless techniques in many hospitals are mostly focused on applying general anesthesia to put the patient in a deep sleep or light coma to undergo the examination. This is simply understood as treating the endoscopy as a procedure under general anesthesia. However, the deeper the anesthesia, the greater the possible risks. Of course, the extra cost of anesthesia will also need to be paid by the patient. In fact, many patients are more nervous or afraid of gastrointestinal endoscopy because they have to enter the body through the mouth (gastroscope) or anus (enteroscope). In addition, there is also a part of the examination pain, is due to the operator’s lack of experience, technical roughness caused. If the operating physician is skilled, most of the examination pain is minimal and can be tolerated. Of course, for a part of patients who are really nervous and afraid, we can give appropriate amount of sedative drugs to make him quiet, reduce the fear and decrease the concentration, but keep awake at all times. During the examination, although the patient is slow, he still has the ability of verbal communication and cooperation, and can cooperate well with the operator to complete the endoscopy, and also has the advantages of less complications, faster recovery, and lower cost. We call it “painless endoscopy under conscious sedation” technique. Therefore, it is only when you have a proper understanding of “painless endoscopy” that you can make an appropriate choice when you really need to perform the relevant examination.