Cervical squamous epithelial metaplasia is a physiological change beneath the cervical biopsy results and is not a disease, but only a manifestation of cervical erosion repair. The presence of cervical squamous epithelial hyperplasia on cervical biopsy results can exclude highly squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix, and can also exclude cervical malignancy and exclude cervical cancer. The ectocervix is divided into two parts, the cervical canal and the ectocervix surface. The cervical canal is lined with columnar epithelium and the ectocervix surface, which is the surface of the cervix seen during gynecological examination when the vagina is propped open, is lined with compound squamous epithelium. The columnar epithelium inside the cervical canal and the squamous epithelium on the outer surface of the cervix can be interchanged. Under the action of estrogen, the columnar epithelium inside the cervical canal can migrate out and cover part of the squamous epithelium on the surface of the cervix, thus giving the cervix an erosion-like appearance, which is commonly known as cervical erosion. When the acidic environment in the vagina changes or under the action of pathogens, the displaced columnar epithelium is gradually replaced by squamous epithelium, which is cervical squamous epithelial metaplasia and is not a disease and can exclude cervical malignancy.