1.Why is there a fasting requirement or time limit for blood sampling? The normal reference values of blood tests are derived from the results of statistical analysis of fasting blood drawn by normal people, so in order to have comparable test results, it is generally required to fasting blood. Many chemical components in the blood can change after eating, which can seriously affect the test value, for example, triglycerides can rise significantly several times after eating food containing high fat; blood sugar can rise rapidly within two hours after eating food high in sugar. “Fasting” means no calorie intake for more than 8 hours, and it is best not to overeat or drink heavily the night before the blood draw, and to rest as early as possible. In addition, the secretion of human hormones has a biological cycle, with rhythmic fluctuations around the clock. For example, the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone reaches its peak at 8:00 a.m., and then gradually decreases to a low point at night. For example, the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins and ovarian estrogens also fluctuate regularly during different stages of the menstrual cycle, during pregnancy and lactation. Therefore, the time of blood collection is specified for these hormones, which are greatly influenced by external factors, in order to ensure that the correct results are obtained. We also recommend that patients who come to the hospital in a hurry for examination should allow themselves to be quiet for 5-10 minutes before accepting the blood collection calmly. 2.What about blood collection for patients with a history of blood (needle) sickness? Blood (needle) sickness is a physiological manifestation, but also a psychological phenomenon, and may be related to physical and personality differences. Patients with a history of blood (needle) sickness should always tell their healthcare provider so that they can take the necessary safety precautions. On the one hand, we ask family members to accompany us, and on the other hand, we try to avoid taking blood when the patient is nervous, hungry, or fatigued. Before taking blood, we will explain to the patient carefully and patiently to eliminate the patient’s ideological concerns and fears, and communicate with the patient during the blood collection process to distract his or her attention, in addition, our medical and nursing staff’s skillful and quick operation can also reduce the patient’s pain and prevent the occurrence of blood (dizziness). 3.What is the cause of bruising or bulging at the eye of the needle after blood sampling and how to prevent it? Since the syringe not only pierces the skin surface during phlebotomy, but also pierces the vein, the eye of the needle on the skin surface is not necessarily at the same point as the eye of the needle on the vessel wall. The bleeding point on the surface of the skin is pressed with just one finger during compression, and it does not effectively press the bleeding point on the blood vessel, so bleeding and bruising can occur. The correct hemostatic pressure is to use two fingers to press the bleeding point on the surface of the skin and the wall of the blood vessel to prevent further bleeding. After the blood has been drawn, the platelets have not yet clotted and the bleeding continues at the eye of the vessel, so the pressure should not be rubbed. The correct method is to only press and not rub. After the blood is drawn, the bleeding should generally be stopped for 3 to 5 minutes, and the pressure time should be relatively longer for older patients or patients with platelet abnormalities. In addition, if the sleeve is too tight and the upper arm clothing is too tight, resulting in poor blood return, it will also cause blood leakage, so after the blood is drawn to stop the bleeding, pay attention to pull down the upper arm sleeves to avoid the upper arm being tied too tightly by the clothing, affecting the normal blood return. 4.Is it possible to pick stool from diapers because it is not easy to get stool from infants? In principle, it is not allowed. Because the diaper is very absorbent, and often mixed with infant urine, which can affect the analysis of red blood cells, pus cells and other pathologically significant components in the stool. In special cases, the child’s condition is serious, more and fresh feces on the diaper, you can pick the part with mucus or pus and blood sent for testing, as appropriate. 5.How should the specimen of urine bacterial culture be kept and why is the specimen sometimes rejected? Are there any special requirements for other urine test specimens? The purpose of urine culture is mainly to check the pathogenic bacteria that cause urinary tract infections. Since the external urethra is connected to the outside world, there are normal flora that can also grow during the culture process, leading to misjudgment of the culture results. Therefore, we should try to avoid the contamination of the retained urine specimen by the normal flora of the external urethra, first of all, the external urethra should be disinfected and cleaned, the anterior segment of urine has a flushing and cleaning effect on the external urethra in the process of discharge, and the same is discarded, and the middle segment of urine is retained as the specimen for examination. Of course, the container in which the specimen is retained must be a sterilized, airtight container. Sometimes urine culture specimens are rejected because the specimen retrieval process is substandard, or the container holding the specimen is substandard. Other urine examination, you can keep it yourself and store it in a clean container. 6.After the specimen is sent to the laboratory, how can I be sure that my specimen will not be wrong or lost? In fact, you can be completely assured that there is no mistake. Now, most hospitals laboratory department with a bar code labeled specimen container, and through the laboratory computer system (referred to as LIS system) from the test specimen collection, pre-test processing, test process, the end of the test to the specimen preservation (generally kept for 7 days) to implement the whole monitoring, as if it is a GPS navigator, at any time to monitor the specimen in what place, what is now in the position, a total of testing How many projects, which projects have been completed, etc.