1.What are the main side effects of anticoagulation therapy? A: Traditional anticoagulant drugs have more side effects, while newer anticoagulant drugs have relatively few and milder side effects, their common side effect is bleeding. In addition, warfarin may cause skin itching, allergy or rash, which usually persists for a period of time; there are also more serious and rare complications – skin necrosis, which requires switching to other drugs. Heparin-based drugs (including low molecular heparin) may cause thrombocytopenia and osteoporosis, which means that patients applying heparin should monitor the coagulation function in addition to the platelet and bone density. 2.Is it beneficial to massage the affected limbs of patients with venous thrombosis, and is it possible to wash feet with hot water? A: In the acute stage of venous thrombosis, the thrombus is unstable, and the violent movement will lead to the dislodgement of the thrombus, which can return to the lungs through the veins and cause pulmonary embolism, which can be life-threatening in serious cases, so the patients in the acute stage should pay attention to bed rest and elevate the affected limb by 30° to facilitate venous reflux and reduce edema. Avoid excessive movements when moving in bed and prohibit massage of the affected limb to prevent thrombus dislodgement and cause pulmonary embolism (except for those who have placed inferior vena cava filter). After the acute period (usually two weeks after the onset of the disease), the thrombus adheres closely to the vein wall and is not easily dislodged, so massage of the affected limb or appropriate activities at this time are beneficial to the establishment of collateral circulation, which is good for the later recovery. For patients suffering from lower limb vein thrombosis, after soaking feet with hot water, the arteries and veins will be dilated and congested, and more blood will be poured into the lower limbs, which will increase the burden of lower limb venous reflux and increase venous stasis due to poor venous reflux in the lower limbs, which may aggravate the disease after a long time. In addition, soaking feet with higher temperature water may also damage the local skin of lower limbs and induce skin ulceration. Therefore, it is not recommended for patients with venous thrombosis to soak their feet in hot water with high temperature. It is recommended to use warm water or cool water to soak feet as well. 3.What should patients with venous thromboembolism pay attention to in their exercise and diet? A: Patients with venous thromboembolism need to rest in bed during the acute period, with the affected limb elevated and braked, and avoid massage. After the acute period, they can move properly and gradually increase the amount of exercise. After the chronic period, they can maintain normal life, such as walking, jogging and tai chi, but they should avoid sitting and standing for a long time and strenuous activities, and they should wear medical elastic stockings to strengthen the pump function of calf muscles, and the amount of exercise should not feel sore and swollen in the calf after the activity. The general principle is high vitamin, high protein, high calorie, low salt, low fat, low sugar diet, drink more water, avoid eating spicy, sweet and fatty products, so as not to increase the blood viscosity and aggravate the disease. If during anticoagulation therapy, try to reduce the intake of foods that affect the efficacy of anticoagulant drugs.