Meniere’s disease is an idiopathic inner ear disease characterized clinically by recurrent episodes of rotational vertigo, fluctuating, hearing loss, tinnitus and a sense of fullness in the ear, with the underlying pathological change of membranous vagal effusion. The age of prevalence of this disease is 40-60 years old, and the incidence is basically the same for both sexes. The etiology of this disease is unknown, but it may be related to mechanical obstruction of the endolymphatic vessels, impaired endolymphatic absorption, immune response and ischemia of the inner ear. Pathology】 The basic pathological change is water retention in the membranous vagus, which is manifested as water retention in the membranous vagus. When the membranous vestibular canal expands, the vestibular membrane is pushed to the vestibular order, and when the endolymph pressure is extremely high, it can lead to the rupture of the vestibular membrane and the mixing of internal and external lymph, thus inducing episodic vertigo. The rupture can be self-healing in small cases, but can be repeated. In the case of large fissures, a permanent fistula may be formed. When the membranous vagus ruptures repeatedly or does not heal for a long time, the vascular striae, the cap membrane, the cochlear hair cells and their supporting cells, the afferent nerve fibers and their spiral ganglion cells may all degenerate and manifest as sensorineural deafness. Clinical manifestations】 Typical symptoms of Ménière’s disease include episodic vertigo, fluctuating deafness, tinnitus and a sense of fullness in the ear. 1, vertigo: mostly sudden rotational, the patient feels himself or surrounding objects rotate along a certain direction and plane, the patient is conscious. It may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, pale face, cold sweat and other vegetative symptoms. The symptoms increase when the eyes are open and the head is turned, and decrease when the eyes are closed and the head is lying still. The vertigo lasts for ten minutes or several hours and then shifts into remission. During the remission period, there may be a feeling of imbalance or instability, which may last for several days. Vertigo often recurs, and the more recurrences it has, the longer it lasts and the shorter the interval. 2. Deafness: It is usually unilateral, aggravated during episodes and reduced during intervals, with obvious fluctuating hearing loss. The degree of hearing loss gradually increases with the number of attacks. 3.Tinnitus: It mostly appears before the vertigo attack. In the early stage, it is persistent low-pitched tinnitus, such as the sound of blowing wind or running water, and then it becomes high-pitched tinnitus, such as the sound of cicada, whistle or air horn. The tinnitus is aggravated during the attack of dizziness and can be reduced during the interval. 4.Sense of ear swelling and fullness: there is a feeling of fullness, heaviness or pressure in the affected ear or head during the attack. Examination】 1.Otoscopic examination of the tympanic membrane is normal. 2. Vestibular function examination: spontaneous nystagmus can be observed during the seizure period, and the vestibular function of the affected ear can be reduced or lost in repeated seizures. 3.Hearing mechanics examination: sensorineural deafness is present, with low frequency hearing loss predominant in the early stage, and all frequencies can be involved after repeated episodes. There is a resonance phenomenon in suprathreshold function examination. The -SP of cochlear electrogram increases and the -SP/AP ratio increases. 4.Glycerol test: Drink 1.2g~1.5g/kg of glycerol with equal amount of saline or juice on an empty stomach, and do pure tone audiometry every 1h before and within 3h after taking it. The test was positive if the average hearing threshold of the affected ear increased by 15 dB or more, or the speech recognition rate increased by 16% or more after taking glycerol. A positive glycerol test may indicate the presence of membranous vagal effusion. 5. Temporal bone imaging: mainly used to exclude other diseases. Diagnosis】 The clinical diagnosis can be made after excluding other diseases that can cause vertigo, mainly by detailed history and comprehensive examination. 1. Recurrent episodes of rotational vertigo lasting from 20 min to several hours, with at least 2 episodes, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and balance disorders. No loss of consciousness. It may be accompanied by horizontal or horizontal rotational nystagmus. 2. At least one pure tone audiometry for sensorineural hearing loss. Early low-frequency hearing loss, hearing fluctuations, with progressive hearing loss gradually aggravated. The phenomenon of reverberation may appear. Hearing loss can be determined by having the following three items: (1) the average value of hearing threshold at 0.25kHz, 0.5kHz and 1kHz is 15dB or more than 15dB higher than the average value of hearing threshold at 1, 2 and 3kHz; (2) the average value of hearing threshold at 0.25kHz, 0.5kHz, 1kHz, 2kHz and 3kHz is 20dB or more than 20dB higher than the healthy ear; (3) the average value of hearing threshold at 0.25 (3) The average threshold at 0.25kHz, 0.5kHz, 1kHz, 2kHz and 3kHz is greater than 25dBHL. 3. Tinnitus, intermittent or persistent, with changes before and after the onset of vertigo. 4.There may be a sense of ear swelling and fullness. 5.Exclude vertigo caused by other diseases, such as positional vertigo, vestibular neuritis, drug-induced vertigo, sudden deafness with vertigo, insufficient blood supply to the basilar artery and intracranial occupational lesions. Treatment】 The principles of treatment include regulating the function of plant nerves, improving microcirculation in the inner ear, and relieving vagal fluid, and the treatment methods are divided into conservative treatment and surgical treatment. 1. Conservative treatment (1) General treatment: bed rest and low-salt diet should be used during the attack period. Patients with recurrent attacks and high tension should be given patient explanations to eliminate their mental burden. (2) Drug treatment: including vestibular nerve inhibitors, anticholinergics, vasodilators, calcium antagonists and diuretic dehydration drugs. 2.Surgical treatment: If vertigo attacks are frequent and severe and long-term conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical treatment can be considered. Surgery can be divided into hearing preservation surgery, such as endolymphatic sac decompression and vestibular neurectomy, and non-hearing preservation surgery, such as vagotomy.