The new drug for myelodysplastic syndrome treatment is lenalidomide. Lenalidomide, an anti-tumor cell proliferation immunomodulator, is an anti-tumor targeted drug for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes, and can be effective in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Single or combination therapy with new drugs will be the main research direction in the future, providing individualized programs for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes through genetic testing. Adverse drug reactions include rash, diarrhea, etc. Contraindications are severe hepatic and renal impairment and hypersensitivity to the product. Myelodysplastic syndrome is a malignant disease of the hematologic system, and the drugs currently used for treatment include novel demethylating drugs (Azacitidine), immune checkpoint inhibitors (Vinaclat), and FLT3 mutation drugs (Sorafenib). A variety of new targeted therapy and immunotherapy drugs for myelodysplastic syndromes provide new treatment options for patients, but the new drugs need more clinical trials, patients can first choose the treatment drugs according to the doctor’s advice and their own situation, and the medication is administered under the guidance of a physician, and should not be used blindly.