The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body and is also one of the most susceptible to disease. From a surgical point of view, thyroid disorders are classified as thyroid adenoma, nodular goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, chronic lymphatic thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer. The high incidence of thyroid disorders is concentrated in the age group of 30-50 years old, with a predominance of women, about 7 times more than men. Although the incidence of thyroid disease is high, its prognosis is very good. With early detection and standardized treatment, the cure rate of thyroid cancer is very high, with a ten-year survival rate of about 95.2%. The nature of thyroid nodules may be nodular goiter, sarcoidosis, thyroiditis, thyroid tumor or thyroid cancer, which are collectively called thyroid nodules until they are characterized. Size is not the only indicator of whether a thyroid nodule requires surgery. Some nodules may be as small as 0.8 cm in diameter, but if they have a malignant tendency, they need to be cut out as soon as possible. If the nodule appears benign on ultrasound, then we will consider removing it only when it is 3 to 4 cm in diameter. If the ultrasound suggests a thyroid adenoma, it is also best to remove it surgically because 10% of thyroid adenomas become cancerous as they grow. Not all thyroid nodules require surgery. Some nodular goiters, which are multiple nodules in themselves, and are hardly cancerous, will do more harm than good if they are removed when they are about 1 or 2 cm. Multiple goiter nodules generally require surgery only if they are large enough in diameter to cause unsightly neck, or to compress the trachea, or to cause hyperthyroidism. If a woman develops a nodule at the age of 40, she may not need surgery until she is in her 50s because the nodule grows slowly, so that even if the nodule grows again after surgery, most will not need surgery again in their lifetime. However, if the surgery is performed at the age of 40, you may need to undergo another surgery at the age of 55 because of recurring and growing nodules, and if the surgery is not done properly, you may have to undergo a third surgery after the age of 55. Moreover, due to the adhesions after surgery, the chance of reoperation causing damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve increases significantly, resulting in hoarseness; for example, the probability of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is about 0.1% for the first surgery and 3% for the second. Thyroid cancer is a malignant tumor with high cure rate In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing significantly, and the incidence rate is almost 300% of the past. The reasons for this are firstly, people pay more attention to their health and pay more attention to medical checkups, especially the update of neck ultrasound, CT and other examination techniques, so that previously neglected and asymptomatic cases are found. Secondly, other factors such as environment, diet and personal emotions may also be the cause of the increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer cells grow slowly and are not very malignant, and the most common type of thyroid cancer is papillary cancer, which does not metastasize easily from blood, but mainly from lymphatic metastasis, so most of them only metastasize in the neck, which is easy to treat. Generally speaking, patients with intermediate to advanced thyroid cancer need radiotherapy after surgery, while early stage and even some intermediate stage patients can be treated without radiotherapy. The prognosis of early thyroid cancer is good, and after surgery, the survival rate of ten years is about 95%. However, he also reminded patients that they should not feel that thyroid cancer is “safe” because of its low malignancy. If it is not detected and diagnosed early and treated in time, the prognosis of advanced thyroid cancer will be affected. In addition, even though some cancers are small, if they grow close to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, they will invade the nerve at an early stage and cause hoarseness, which is not uncommon. The thyroid gland is regularly checked regularly as the social competition and work pressure increase, thyroid gland disease has been on the rise in recent years. Because this disease has a certain insidiousness, early detection is not easy, so early detection and prevention is more important. Especially for women with high stress levels, it is best to add a thyroid ultrasound to your regular medical checkup. Ultrasound is the best means of diagnosing thyroid disease, and in addition to being very accurate, it is also economical and non-invasive. For patients who have been diagnosed with benign thyroid nodules, it is also best to see a specialist every six months for a formal examination and appropriate treatment.