It is reported that the recurrence rate after anal fistula surgery is as high as 10%, and some also leave sequelae of fecal leakage, fluid leakage, anal incontinence, and anal stenosis, so how can we surgically cure anal fistula without recurrence and avoid these sequelae? To achieve this goal, the following points must be achieved, which are the basic principles of anal fistula surgery: 1. complete removal of the infected anal fossa, anal glands and anal ducts, i.e., proper finding and treatment of the internal opening, which is the key to prevent future recurrence. 2. 2.Protect the anal sphincter and the rectal ring of the anal canal, otherwise, it will easily lead to the sequelae of anal incontinence and bring new pain to the patient. The fistula should be gently and carefully explored with a probe, and the fistula should be removed thoroughly after the fistula is found, removing fibrous tissue, rotting flesh and necrotic tissue from the wall. It is generally advocated that after the fistula is fully formed (preferably two to three months after the perianorectal abscess breaks down or is cut out), a one-time radical surgery is performed to reduce the patient’s pain and recurrence rate. Radical excision in the acute abscess period is not a good policy. 5. Attention should be paid to keeping the postoperative trauma drained and avoiding pseudo- or bridge-shaped healing to avoid recurrence.